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Questions and Answers
What does the term 'milestone' refer to in the context of developmental change?
What does the term 'milestone' refer to in the context of developmental change?
Which of the following best describes a U-shaped function in developmental change?
Which of the following best describes a U-shaped function in developmental change?
Why are group data constraints significant in the study of development?
Why are group data constraints significant in the study of development?
What challenge is associated with studying qualitative changes in cognitive development?
What challenge is associated with studying qualitative changes in cognitive development?
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In the study of individuals with Down syndrome, which aspect is highlighted regarding their reading abilities?
In the study of individuals with Down syndrome, which aspect is highlighted regarding their reading abilities?
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What does quantitative change in developmental psychology primarily refer to?
What does quantitative change in developmental psychology primarily refer to?
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What is an example of qualitative change in a child's development?
What is an example of qualitative change in a child's development?
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According to developmental psychology, developmental changes are characterized by which of the following patterns?
According to developmental psychology, developmental changes are characterized by which of the following patterns?
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What do qualitative changes in development suggest about underlying mechanisms?
What do qualitative changes in development suggest about underlying mechanisms?
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Which of the following best describes the relationship between initial phonological awareness and later reading ability?
Which of the following best describes the relationship between initial phonological awareness and later reading ability?
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In developmental psychology, what does discontinuous developmental change refer to?
In developmental psychology, what does discontinuous developmental change refer to?
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What is a likely consequence of the developmental patterns observed in children?
What is a likely consequence of the developmental patterns observed in children?
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Which research finding emphasizes the importance of validated formats in forensic interviews with child witnesses?
Which research finding emphasizes the importance of validated formats in forensic interviews with child witnesses?
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Study Notes
Developmental Psychology
- Has implications for other areas of psychology, particularly neuropsychology
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Real-world implications
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Reading interventions
- Bradley & Bryant (1983) study: 368 4- and 5-year-olds
- Strong relationship between initial phonological awareness and reading ability
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Eyewitness testimony
- Pantell & AAP (2017) Policy Statement on ‘The Child Witness in the Courtroom’
- The Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development recommends validated formats for interviews in forensic investigations.
- Pantell & AAP (2017) Policy Statement on ‘The Child Witness in the Courtroom’
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Reading interventions
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Shape of change
- Development often follows a pattern of improvement with age.
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Types of developmental change
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Quantitative: The amount or quantity of change
- Example: An increase in the number of words an infant can say
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Qualitative: The type or quality of change
- Example: The emergence of language development
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Quantitative: The amount or quantity of change
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Patterns of development
- Qualitative changes suggest different underlying mechanisms.
- Quantitative changes suggest more efficient use of existing mechanisms.
- Developmental change doesn't occur smoothly, but involves periods of stability and instability.
- Developmental functions can also decline, reflecting the loss of an ability no longer needed.
- Common developmental patterns have a step-function shape.
- Milestone: An important event on the path of development.
- Stage theories: Development results in a fundamental reorganization of underlying mechanisms.
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U-Shaped Functions
- Upright U-shaped functions reflect increase to a peak and then a decline.
- Inverted U-shaped functions reflect a decline in the function that emerges later.
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Focus on Groups vs. Individuals
- Developmental research often relies on group data, making it difficult to generalize to individuals.
- Cognitive developmental changes can be obscured by sampling problems.
Neurodivergent Development
- Example: Nonword reading in individuals with Down syndrome.
- Roch & Jarrold (2008) study: 12 individuals with Down syndrome aged 10-26 and 14 typically developing children aged 6-7.
- Used regular words, irregular words, and non-words to measure phonological awareness and reading skills.
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Description
Explore the fundamental concepts of developmental psychology, including real-world implications, types of developmental change, and notable studies in the field. Delve into how early phonological awareness impacts reading abilities and the role of qualitative and quantitative changes in development.
