Development Through the Lifespan - Chapter 1

Developmental science is the study of constancy and change throughout the lifespan.

The three basic issues are continuous vs discontinuous development, one course of development vs many, and the relative influence of nature vs nurture.

<p>The lifespan perspective emphasizes that development is lifelong, multidimensional and multidirectional, highly plastic, and influenced by multiple interacting forces.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Social learning theory (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Psychoanalytic perspective (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Supergo (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Socialization vs Individuality (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Social learning theory (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Emphasis on the role of personal experiences (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Behaviorism and social learning theory have been criticized for their narrow view of environmental influences and their underestimation of the individual’s active role in development.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Piaget’s stages of cognitive development are sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, and formal operational.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The information processing theory views the human mind as a symbol-manipulating system that develops gradually over time. This theory emphasizes the development of cognitive abilities, such as memory, attention, and problem-solving, using a continuous model.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Developmental cognitive neuroscience focuses on the relationship between brain activity and cognitive processing and behavior patterns, while developmental social neuroscience focuses on the relationship between brain activity and emotional and social development.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ethology is a field of study that examines the adaptive, or survival, value of behavior and its evolutionary history.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Evolutionary developmental psychology aims to understand the adaptive value of species-wide competencies, studying cognitive, emotional, and social competencies as they change with age. It focuses on how the human species has adapted and evolved throughout history.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Vygotsky’s sociocultural theory focuses on how culture, including values, beliefs, customs, and skills, is transmitted to the next generation through social interaction, especially cooperative dialogues with more knowledgeable members of society.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The ecological systems theory describes four levels of environment that influence development: the microsystem, the mesosystem, the exosystem, and the macrosystem.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Studies relationships between participants’ characteristics and their behavior (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It can be used to collect data efficiently (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Financial compensation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The presentation highlights the importance of protecting research participants from harm, ensuring informed consent, respecting privacy, providing knowledge of results, and ensuring beneficial treatments when applicable, which can be challenging, especially when working with vulnerable populations, such as children.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A theory is an orderly, integrated set of statements that describes, explains, and predicts behavior.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Neuroscience Theory (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A hypothesis is a prediction drawn from a theory that can be tested through research.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Naturalistic observation involves recording behavior in the field or a natural environment, while structured observation involves creating a lab situation to evoke specific behavior.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Case studies are valuable for gaining a rich understanding of individuals, but they are limited by their focus on one person, making it difficult to generalize findings to others.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Correlational research designs can show relationships between variables, but they cannot establish cause-and-effect relationships.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The independent variable is manipulated by the researcher, while the dependent variable is measured but not manipulated.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Field experiments offer greater realism than lab experiments, but they can be difficult to control for potential confounding variables.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Quasi-experiments compare different existing treatments, aiming to investigate potential differences between groups.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Longitudinal (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sequential designs aim to combine the strengths of longitudinal and cross-sectional designs while addressing potential issues with both.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Longitudinal studies can be affected by participant dropout, practice effects, and cohort effects.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The psychoanalytic perspective emphasizes the influence of unconscious drives and early childhood experiences on development, while other theories focus on social, cognitive, biological, or environmental factors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Financial compensation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers