Prelim Exam

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Which type of labeling does the Pregnancy and Lactation Labeling Rule (PLLR) require drug manufacturers to provide?

Risks and benefits of a specific medication (correct)

Package Inserts

Pregnancy Categories (A, B, C, D, X)

Limited data and confusion

What does the PLLR eliminate from the old labeling system?

Pregnancy Categories (A, B, C, D, X) (correct)

Limited data and confusion

Risks and benefits of a specific medication

Package Inserts

What are the key features outlined in the new labeling?

Pregnancy Exposure Registry Information, Risk Summary, Clinical Considerations, Data (correct)

Limited data and confusion

Risks and benefits of a specific medication

Package Inserts

Where can drug labels be found?

Reference Books, Journals, Internet Information Signup and view all the answers

What information is required about using medications while breastfeeding?

Lactation Labeling Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT included in a New Drug Application (NDA)?

Chemical structure of the drug Signup and view all the answers

Which term refers to the name given to a drug by the pharmaceutical company that developed it?

Brand Name Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the Pregnancy and Lactation Labeling Rule (PLLR)?

To offer clearer guidance to healthcare professionals Signup and view all the answers

What are Over the Counter (OTC) drugs?

Drugs that can be purchased without a prescription Signup and view all the answers

What must developers include in a New Drug Application (NDA)?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best defines pharmacology?

The study of drugs and their interactions with living systems Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of therapeutics/pharmacotherapeutics?

The use of drugs to diagnose, prevent, or treat disease Signup and view all the answers

Why is the nurse in a unique position regarding drug therapy?

Because they are responsible for administering drugs Signup and view all the answers

What are the nursing responsibilities in drug therapy?

Assessing drug effects, providing patient teaching about drugs, monitoring overall patient care plan Signup and view all the answers

What are the sources of drugs?

Natural and synthetic Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT one of the goals of preadministration assessment in drug therapy?

Assessment of the patient's capacity for self-care Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT one of the rights of drug administration?

Right Documentation Signup and view all the answers

What information should a nurse provide to a patient as part of drug education?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of preclinical research in the drug development process?

To assess the drug's potential toxicity Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of clinical research in the drug development process?

To evaluate the drug's effectiveness compared to similar drugs Signup and view all the answers

Which route of drug administration achieves systemic effects by application of drugs to the skin?

Transdermal Signup and view all the answers

What is the driving force for passive diffusion of a drug?

Concentration gradient Signup and view all the answers

Which type of transport relies on a carrier protein to move the drug from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration?

Facilitated diffusion Signup and view all the answers

Which type of transport requires a carrier, such as an enzyme or protein, to move the drug against a concentration gradient?

Active transport Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary site of drug metabolism in the body?

Liver Signup and view all the answers

Which barrier protects the central nervous system (CNS) by keeping many substances away from it?

Blood-brain barrier Signup and view all the answers

Which route of drug administration provides rapid delivery of drug across the large surface area of mucous membranes of the respiratory tract and pulmonary epithelium?

Inhalation Signup and view all the answers

What does absorption refer to in pharmacokinetics?

The time it takes for a drug to reach the circulating fluids and tissues Signup and view all the answers

Which route of drug administration is used when local, rapid effects are needed and drugs need to be introduced directly into the cerebrospinal fluid?

Intrathecal Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of pharmacokinetics?

To study drug movement throughout the body Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a route of drug administration?

Intradermal Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important for nurses to have knowledge of pharmacokinetics in drug therapy?

To determine the appropriate route of drug administration Signup and view all the answers

Which organ is most important for drug excretion?

Kidney Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a loading dose in drug administration?

To achieve therapeutic effects while a steady state is reached Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of half-life (t½)?

The time it takes for the amount of drug in the body to be reduced by half Signup and view all the answers

What is the first step in renal drug excretion?

Glomerular filtration Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of prodrugs?

To improve drug bioavailability Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process of converting lipid soluble drugs into more hydrophilic forms for renal drug excretion?

Drug Metabolism Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process of moving drugs from the urine back into the blood?

Passive reabsorption Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process of moving drugs from the blood to the urine through tubular 'pumps' for organic acids and bases?

Tubular secretion Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a mechanism of drug action?

Replacement Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a disease that occurs as a result of medical care or treatment?

Iatrogenic Disease Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a state in which the body has adapted to drug exposure in such a way that an abstinence syndrome will result if drug use is discontinued?

Physical Dependence Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the ability of certain medications and environmental chemicals to cause cancers?

Carcinogenic Effect Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a drug-induced birth defect?

Teratogenic Effect Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a rare, serious disorder of the skin and mucous membranes that is usually a reaction to medication?

Steven Johnson Syndrome Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the primary effect of a drug?

The desirable response Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'potency' refer to?

The amount of drug needed to elicit a specific physiologic response to a drug Signup and view all the answers

What is the therapeutic index?

The ratio between the toxic dose and therapeutic dose of a drug Signup and view all the answers

What is the onset of action of a drug?

The time it takes for a drug to reach the minimum effective concentration (MEC) after administration Signup and view all the answers

What does the peak drug level indicate?

The highest plasma concentration of drug at a specific time, and it indicates the rate of drug absorption Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of therapeutic drug monitoring?

To ensure that drug levels are within the therapeutic range Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a factor that can influence the placebo effect?

Chemical properties of the drug Signup and view all the answers

What is drug incompatibility?

A chemical or physical reaction that occurs among two or more drugs in vitro Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a drug-food interaction?

Taking an MAOI antidepressant with tyramine-rich foods Signup and view all the answers

How can nutritional deficiencies such as protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) affect drug responses?

Decrease drug elimination and biotransformation Signup and view all the answers

What can drug-laboratory interactions lead to?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for an altered or modified action or effect of a drug as a result of interaction with one or multiple drugs?

Drug interaction Signup and view all the answers

Which form of protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) may result in altered pharmacokinetics?

Both kwashiorkor and marasmus Signup and view all the answers

What are the potential consequences of drug-laboratory interactions?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following factors can affect a patient's response to a drug?

Age Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the Six Rights of Medication Administration?

Right Patient Signup and view all the answers

What should healthcare providers do to prevent medication errors?

Check the patient's wristband Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to double-check the drug before administration?

To prevent medication errors Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a serious disorder of the skin and mucous membranes that is usually a reaction to medication?

Stevens-Johnson syndrome Signup and view all the answers

What type of therapy focuses on providing comfort and relief from symptoms, rather than curing the underlying disease?

Palliative Therapy Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT included in a drug order?

Route of administration Signup and view all the answers

What should a nurse do if a drug order is unclear?

Consult with the healthcare provider before administering Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of checking the drug label three times?

To prevent drug errors Signup and view all the answers

Which nursing intervention ensures correct administration of medications related to the right dose?

Determining the patient's weight Signup and view all the answers

What should a nurse do before administering oral drugs?

Check if the drugs can be cut, crushed, or chewed Signup and view all the answers

When should drugs affected by food be administered?

Before meals Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a nursing intervention related to the right route of medication administration?

Instruct the patient that medications must be swallowed with water Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct unit of measurement for weight in drug calculations?

Kilograms (kg) Signup and view all the answers

Which route of drug administration requires sterile technique?

Parenteral Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of drug calculations in medication administration?

To determine the correct dose of medication to give a patient Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a unit of measurement for volume in drug calculations?

Kilograms (kg) Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct term for the amount of medication per unit volume?

Medication concentration Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a nursing intervention related to the right documentation/recording of medication administration?

Always document drug administration Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct term for the process of moving drugs from the urine back into the blood?

Drug reabsorption Signup and view all the answers

What is the symbol for half-life?

t½ Signup and view all the answers

What is the general rule for drug elimination after one half-life has passed?

50% of the initial drug amount is removed from the body Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about the elimination half-life of a drug?

It is the time it takes for the concentration of the drug in the body to be reduced by 50% Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best defines the half-life of a drug?

The time it takes for a drug's active substance to reduce by half in the body Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about the half-life of a drug is correct?

The half-life of a drug is always the same, regardless of the dosage. Signup and view all the answers

What does the half-life of a drug indicate?

The time it takes for the drug to be completely eliminated from the body. Signup and view all the answers

What can the half-life of a drug help determine?

The frequency at which the drug should be taken. Signup and view all the answers

If a drug has a short half-life, what might be a potential solution for someone experiencing withdrawal symptoms?

Switching to a drug with a longer half-life. Signup and view all the answers

How long does it generally take for a drug's level to become stable in the body?

About five times the drug's half-life. Signup and view all the answers

The physician orders 500 mg of amoxicillin for a patient. The available medication is in 250 mg capsules. How many capsules should the nurse administer?

2 capsules Signup and view all the answers

The prescribed dose of a liquid medication is 0.125 mL/kg for a child weighing 20 kg. How many milliliters of the medication should be given?

2.5 mL Signup and view all the answers

A medication label indicates that the concentration is 50 mg/5 mL. How many milliliters should be administered for a dose of 250 mg?

25 mL Signup and view all the answers

The nurse has a prescription for 0.5 mg of digoxin, and the available tablets are 0.25 mg each. How many tablets should the nurse administer?

2 tablet Signup and view all the answers

The physician orders 0.04 mg/kg of a medication for a child weighing 25 kg. What is the total dose the child should receive?

1 mg Signup and view all the answers

A patient is administered a 200 mg dose of a medication with a half-life of 4 hours. How much of the medication will remain in the patient's system after 8 hours?

200 mg Signup and view all the answers

A patient requires an IV infusion of 1,800 mL of lactated Ringer's solution over 9 hours. What is the flow rate in mL/hour?

200 mL/hour Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the correct equation for calculating the drip rate using the Dimensional Analysis (DA) method?

gtt/min = (drops \times infusion rate) / 60 Signup and view all the answers

What is the drip factor for macrodrip tubing with a drip factor of 20 gtt/mL?

1 mL Signup and view all the answers

If you set the rate at 40 drops per minute using macrodrip tubing with a drip factor of 20 gtt/mL, how many mL per hour is infusing?

120 mL per hour Signup and view all the answers

Which step in calculating the drops per minute (gtt/min) for an infusion involves dividing the hourly infusion rate by the drip factor?

Step 3: Divide the hourly infusion rate by the drip factor Signup and view all the answers

What is the drip factor for the tubing labeled with a drip factor of 10 gtts/mL?

10 gtts/mL Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct rate at which the infusion should be running in drops per minute (gtts/min) for a one liter bag of normal saline to be infused over 6 hours?

28 gtts/min Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the correct equation for calculating the drip rate using the Dimensional Analysis (DA) method?

Drip rate (gtts/min) = Volume (mL) x Drip factor (gtts/mL) / Time (min) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of checking the drug label three times?

To ensure the correct medication is being administered to the correct patient at the correct time Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of half-life (t½)?

The time it takes for the concentration of a drug in the body to decrease by half Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about the elimination half-life of a drug?

The elimination half-life is the time it takes for a drug to be eliminated from the body Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process of converting lipid soluble drugs into more hydrophilic forms for renal drug excretion?

Biotransformation Signup and view all the answers

Prelim Exam

Podcast Beta

Questions and Answers

Which type of labeling does the Pregnancy and Lactation Labeling Rule (PLLR) require drug manufacturers to provide?

What does the PLLR eliminate from the old labeling system?

What are the key features outlined in the new labeling?

Where can drug labels be found?

What information is required about using medications while breastfeeding?

Which of the following is NOT included in a New Drug Application (NDA)?

Which term refers to the name given to a drug by the pharmaceutical company that developed it?

What is the purpose of the Pregnancy and Lactation Labeling Rule (PLLR)?

What are Over the Counter (OTC) drugs?

What must developers include in a New Drug Application (NDA)?

Which of the following best defines pharmacology?

What is the definition of therapeutics/pharmacotherapeutics?

Why is the nurse in a unique position regarding drug therapy?

What are the nursing responsibilities in drug therapy?

What are the sources of drugs?

Which of the following is NOT one of the goals of preadministration assessment in drug therapy?

Which of the following is NOT one of the rights of drug administration?

What information should a nurse provide to a patient as part of drug education?

What is the purpose of preclinical research in the drug development process?

What is the purpose of clinical research in the drug development process?

Which route of drug administration achieves systemic effects by application of drugs to the skin?

What is the driving force for passive diffusion of a drug?

Which type of transport relies on a carrier protein to move the drug from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration?

Which type of transport requires a carrier, such as an enzyme or protein, to move the drug against a concentration gradient?

What is the primary site of drug metabolism in the body?

Which barrier protects the central nervous system (CNS) by keeping many substances away from it?

Which route of drug administration provides rapid delivery of drug across the large surface area of mucous membranes of the respiratory tract and pulmonary epithelium?

What does absorption refer to in pharmacokinetics?

Which route of drug administration is used when local, rapid effects are needed and drugs need to be introduced directly into the cerebrospinal fluid?

What is the purpose of pharmacokinetics?

Which of the following is NOT a route of drug administration?

Why is it important for nurses to have knowledge of pharmacokinetics in drug therapy?

Which organ is most important for drug excretion?

What is the purpose of a loading dose in drug administration?

What is the definition of half-life (t½)?

What is the first step in renal drug excretion?

What is the purpose of prodrugs?

What is the term for the process of converting lipid soluble drugs into more hydrophilic forms for renal drug excretion?

What is the term for the process of moving drugs from the urine back into the blood?

What is the term for the process of moving drugs from the blood to the urine through tubular 'pumps' for organic acids and bases?

Which of the following is NOT a mechanism of drug action?

What is the term for a disease that occurs as a result of medical care or treatment?

What is the term for a state in which the body has adapted to drug exposure in such a way that an abstinence syndrome will result if drug use is discontinued?

What is the term for the ability of certain medications and environmental chemicals to cause cancers?

What is the term for a drug-induced birth defect?

What is the term for a rare, serious disorder of the skin and mucous membranes that is usually a reaction to medication?

Which of the following is the primary effect of a drug?

What does the term 'potency' refer to?

What is the therapeutic index?

What is the onset of action of a drug?

What does the peak drug level indicate?

What is the purpose of therapeutic drug monitoring?

Which of the following is NOT a factor that can influence the placebo effect?

What is drug incompatibility?

Which of the following is an example of a drug-food interaction?

How can nutritional deficiencies such as protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) affect drug responses?

What can drug-laboratory interactions lead to?

What is the term for an altered or modified action or effect of a drug as a result of interaction with one or multiple drugs?

Which form of protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) may result in altered pharmacokinetics?

What are the potential consequences of drug-laboratory interactions?

Which of the following factors can affect a patient's response to a drug?

What is one of the Six Rights of Medication Administration?

What should healthcare providers do to prevent medication errors?

Why is it important to double-check the drug before administration?

What is the term for a serious disorder of the skin and mucous membranes that is usually a reaction to medication?

What type of therapy focuses on providing comfort and relief from symptoms, rather than curing the underlying disease?

Which of the following is NOT included in a drug order?

What should a nurse do if a drug order is unclear?

What is the purpose of checking the drug label three times?

Which nursing intervention ensures correct administration of medications related to the right dose?

What should a nurse do before administering oral drugs?

When should drugs affected by food be administered?

Which of the following is NOT a nursing intervention related to the right route of medication administration?

What is the correct unit of measurement for weight in drug calculations?

Which route of drug administration requires sterile technique?

What is the purpose of drug calculations in medication administration?

Which of the following is NOT a unit of measurement for volume in drug calculations?