Density Gradients in Clinical IVF and Andrology

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Match the following techniques with their purpose:

Density gradient centrifugation = Enrichment of highly motile spermatozoa Swim-up technique = Isolation of highly motile spermatozoa Wet mount preparation = Observation of sperm stuck by their heads Silane-coated silica particles centrifugation = Demonstrated by Nicholson

Match the following statements with the appropriate method:

Two-layer density gradient method = Allows for initial separation of different density particles Single layer gradient (e.g., 80%) = Does not allow for initial separation of different density particles Colloid density gradient medium = Does not retard the sedimentation of spermatozoa due to centrifugation Use of manufacturer's recommendation = Important for proper use and application of any product

Match the following processes with their outcome:

Washing the pellet with culture medium = Removal of contaminating density gradient medium Final pellet resuspended in culture medium = Determination of concentration and motility Density gradient centrifugation with whole ejaculate = Yields a significantly higher total number of motile spermatozoa Advantages of density gradient centrifugation = Elimination of leukocytes and significant reduction of ROS

Match the following density gradient materials with their manufacturers:

ALLGrad® = LifeGlobal Group, Guilford, Connecticut PureSperm® = Nidacon International AB, Mölndal, Sweden ISolate® = Irvine Scientifc, Santa Ana, California SpermGrad™ = Vitrolife AB, Göteborg, Sweden Signup and view all the answers

Match the following density gradient materials with their common usage in IVF and andrology:

ALLGrad® = Silane-coated silica particle solution PureSperm® = Silane-coated silica particle solution ISolate® = Silane-coated silica particle solution SpermGrad™ = Silane-coated silica particle solution Signup and view all the answers

Match the following density gradient materials with the method used to make them isosmotic:

ALLGrad® = Inclusion of polysucrose PureSperm® = Inclusion of polysucrose ISolate® = Inclusion of polysucrose SpermGrad™ = Inclusion of polysucrose Signup and view all the answers

Match the following density gradient materials with their characteristics for human in vivo use:

ALLGrad® = Approved for human in vivo use PureSperm® = Approved for human in vivo use ISolate® = Approved for human in vivo use SpermGrad™ = Approved for human in vivo use Signup and view all the answers

Match the following density gradient materials with their toxicity level:

ALLGrad® = Very low toxicity PureSperm® = Very low toxicity ISolate® = Very low toxicity SpermGrad™ = Very low toxicity Signup and view all the answers

Match the following density gradient materials with the need to trial them for optimal recoveries:

ALLGrad® = Importance of trialing in laboratory environment PureSperm® = Importance of trialing in laboratory environment ISolate® = Importance of trialing in laboratory environment SpermGrad™ = Importance of trialing in laboratory environment Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common density gradient material used for clinical IVF and andrology?

PureSperm® Signup and view all the answers

How are discontinuous density gradients usually prepared?

With two or three layers Signup and view all the answers

Which product is NOT an example of a silane-coated silica particle solution used for discontinuous gradients?

AndroSil™ Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important for laboratories to trial gradient media in their environment?

To determine which preparation provides optimal recoveries Signup and view all the answers

What is included in density gradient materials to make them isosmotic?

Polysucrose Signup and view all the answers

What was observed in a recent controlled trial comparing three commonly used commercial density gradient media?

No significant differences were observed among the products Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of using two layers in the discontinuous density gradient method?

To allow for an initial separation of different density particles Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of using a single-layer gradient instead of the recommended two-layer gradient?

Overwhelmed interface by different density particles Signup and view all the answers

Why are highly motile spermatozoa enriched at the bottom soft pellet during density gradient centrifugation?

They move actively in the direction of the sedimentation gradient Signup and view all the answers

What is one advantage of density gradient centrifugation in terms of semen parameters?

Higher total number of motile spermatozoa Signup and view all the answers

What is a notable aspect of the final pellet obtained after washing and centrifuging in density gradient centrifugation?

Enrichment for highly motile spermatozoa Signup and view all the answers

Why is centrifugation through silane-coated silica particles beneficial in the context mentioned in the text?

To reduce leukocytes and ROS Signup and view all the answers