Vector Control in The Field
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After the diagnosis of a dengue case, what is the next step in the stepwise approach?

  • Conduct fogging and source reduction
  • Notify the District Health Office via phone (correct)
  • Ward the patient
  • Begin outpatient management

    • What is the role of the State Health Department in dengue control?

  • To activate the Dengue State Crisis Preparedness and Response Centre (CPRC)
  • To coordinate, monitor, and analyze dengue prevention and control activities (correct)
  • To diagnose and treat dengue cases
  • To conduct fogging and source reduction

    • What is the timeframe for notifying the District Health Office after diagnosis?

  • Within 24 hours (correct)
  • Within 48 hours
  • Within 72 hours
  • Within 12 hours

    • What is the purpose of conducting an inspection of the patient's house and environment?

    <p>To identify Aedes breeding grounds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is included in the clerking sheet for dengue diagnosis?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the Dengue State Crisis Preparedness and Response Centre (CPRC)?

    <p>To coordinate dengue prevention and control activities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the dengue monitoring record?

    <p>To monitor and track dengue cases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the focus of the stepwise approach in outpatient management?

    <p>History, physical examination, and laboratory investigation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why should all food and beverages be covered and stowed away during thermal fogging?

    <p>To prevent contamination with insecticides</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done with windows and doors during indoor thermal fogging?

    <p>Close them for 30 minutes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of the Epidemiological Surveillance task?

    <p>To provide recommendations for case detection and vector control implementation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of routine mosquito surveillance?

    <p>To monitor vector density and distribution of Aedes species</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why should outdoor spraying target areas like shrubs and damp areas?

    <p>Because vectors are likely hiding there</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it advisable to spray in the morning and evening?

    <p>Because wind movement is more stable and Aedes mosquitoes are more active</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the principle behind Thermal fogging?

    <p>Using a resonant pulse to produce hot gas above 200ºC at high speed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why should thermal spraying not be performed during rains?

    <p>Because mosquitoes are inactive during rains and rain interferes with machinery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the Breteau Index in dengue control?

    <p>To calculate the number of breeding sites in a house</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the Health Education Unit in dengue control?

    <p>To educate the public on dengue prevention and control measures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the case of dengue fever, how soon should spraying be repeated?

    <p>After 7-10 days</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is unique about ULV spraying?

    <p>It uses a minimum of insecticides</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the Ovitrap sentinel?

    <p>To trap female Aedes mosquitoes for surveillance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of Capacity Building and Training in dengue control?

    <p>To enhance knowledge and skills in dengue control and prevention</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When is the ideal time to do thermal spraying in an area with a dengue fever case?

    <p>Within 200m of the house where the case is located</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of Insecticide spraying in dengue control?

    <p>To reduce the adult mosquito population</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of impregnating bednets with permethrin?

    <p>To reduce the usage of drugs for malaria control</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of using ovitrap in the field?

    <p>To monitor the populations of Aedes spp. and eggs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of conducting a study on the evaluation of pyrethroid against flies at garbage dumps and poultry farms?

    <p>To evaluate the larvicide effect of pyrethroid on fly larvae</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it necessary to use insecticides with caution?

    <p>To avoid harming users, society, and the environment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of conducting a study on the evaluation of piretroid against dengue vector in the field?

    <p>To evaluate the larvicide effect of piretroid on Aedes spp. larvae</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of dissection in Anopheles spp. sampling?

    <p>To determine the parity of nulliparous and parous mosquitoes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the size of the ULV droplet produced by coolers?

    <p>10-15µm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why should homeowners shut down all food and put out all fires before ULV spraying?

    <p>To avoid contamination of food</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the direction of the spray head in ULV-carrying vehicles?

    <p>At a 45º angle to the road</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the daily coverage of ULV-carrying vehicles in residential areas?

    <p>32 km per day</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary use of knapsack sprayers?

    <p>For larviciding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of capturing and dissecting Anopheles spp mosquitoes before residual insecticide spraying?

    <p>To calculate sporozoite, nulliparous and parous rates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended insecticide dosage for residual spraying in malaria endemic areas?

    <p>2 gm / m²</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the tank in a knapsack sprayer?

    <p>To act as a chamber for pressured air</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Vector Control in the Field

    • Stepwise approach in dengue notification:
      • Arrival of suspected patient at the health facility
      • Notification to Health District Office within 24 hours
      • Inspection of patient's house and environment for risks of Aedes breeding ground (200m radius)
      • Conduct fogging and source reduction
      • Alert the Vector Control Unit

    Stepwise Approach in Outpatient Management

    • History, physical examination, laboratory investigation (FBC, Dengue combo Rapid Test kit: NS1Ag, IgM, & IgG)
    • Assessment of disease severity
    • Diagnosis, whether provisional or confirmed, and decision to be warded or not
    • Plan of management and notification to nearest district health office via phone and disease notification form Health 1 within 24 hours

    Responsibilities of State Health Department

    • Coordinating, monitoring, and analyzing dengue prevention and control activities in the state
    • Activating and coordinating Dengue State Crisis Preparedness and Response Centre (CPRC) that operates daily
    • Tasks include:
      • Epidemiological Surveillance: making plans and recommendations on case detection and vector control implementation based on disease monitoring and feeding information to e-dengue and i-dengue
      • Vector surveillance: routine mosquito surveillance for planning and strategies dengue prevention and Aedes control activities
      • Quality Control Assessment
      • Multi-sectorial collaboration

    Control Measures for Dengue

    • Strategies for dengue prevention and control in Malaysia as recommended by WHO:
      • Vector control based on the principles of integrated vector management
      • Active disease surveillance based on a comprehensive health information system
      • Emergency preparedness
      • Capacity building and training
      • Vector control research

    Vector Control Measures

    • House inspection: Breteau Index, House Index, Container index
    • Elimination of breeding sites (PTP)
    • Larva control: Mass larviciding (Abate, Bti)
    • Ovitrap sentinel
    • Sticky ovitrap
    • Adult mosquito control: Insecticide spraying
    • Health Education Unit: advertisements, campaigns, and publicity related to dengue

    Insecticide Spraying

    • Thermal fogging: uses the principle of a resonant pulse to produce hot gas (above 200°C at high speed) to kill mosquitoes, flies, and cockroaches
    • Ultra Low Volume (ULV) spraying: uses a minimum of insecticides (500 ml/ha) to kill vectors, with a resulting droplet size of 10-15µm
    • Knapsack sprayer: commonly used for larviciding, spraying insecticidal residues on walls or floors, and spraying insecticides on field habitats
    • Residual insecticide for malaria vector control: spraying with knapsack spray, used in malaria endemic areas for home spraying
    • Impregnated bednets: used to reduce drug usage for malaria control, with permethrin-soaked bednets given to villagers and Orang Asli
    • Recent evaluation of pyrethroid against dengue vector in the field: studies conducted on dengue endemic, using Aedes spp adults and larvae to evaluate the effects of insecticides

    Safety in Using Insecticide

    • Insecticides should be used with caution to avoid harming users, society, and the environment.

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    Description

    Learn about the stepwise approach in dengue notification and outpatient management, including inspection, fogging, and source reduction. Understand the importance of vector control in preventing the spread of dengue fever.

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