18 Questions
What is the reported percentage of fatal cases of Sudan ebolavirus?
34%
What is the name of the disease caused by Sudan ebolavirus?
Ebola Hemorrhagic Fever
Which of the following is NOT a preventive measure during an epidemic?
Antiviral medication
What is the primary means of transmission of Sudan ebolavirus?
Direct contact with infected bodily fluids
What is the reported number of cases of Sudan ebolavirus?
164
Which of the following is a key aspect of preparedness for an epidemic?
Surveillance and detection
What is the primary mode of transmission of dengue viruses from human to human?
Through the bite of the Aedes aegypti mosquito
What is the outcome of recovery from a dengue infection?
Partial and temporary immunity against other serotypes
What is the primary method of transmission of yellow fever?
Infected mosquitoes
How do infected travelers contribute to the spread of dengue fever?
By introducing the virus to new areas
What is an effective way to prevent mosquito breeding?
Disposing of solid waste properly and removing artificial habitats
What percentage of the global population is at risk of dengue infection?
50%
What is the estimated number of dengue virus infections per year?
390 million
What is the purpose of active mosquito and virus surveillance?
To monitor the effectiveness of control interventions
What is a personal protection measure against mosquito bites?
Using window screens and repellents
What region bears the highest burden of dengue infections?
Asia
What is a community engagement strategy for preventing dengue fever?
Educating the community on the risks of mosquito-borne diseases
When should personal protection measures against mosquito bites be observed?
During the day, both inside and outside the home
Study Notes
Sudan Ebolavirus
- Reported number of cases: 164
- Reported number of deaths and percentage of fatal cases: 55 (34%)
Dengue Fever
- Caused by enveloped, single-stranded RNA viruses of the Flaviviridae family
- Transmission: primarily by mosquito Aedes aegypti, which bites in the daytime
- Over 1 billion people are at risk of infection in over 100 countries
- Recovery from infection provides lifelong immunity against that serotype, but only partial and temporary cross-immunity to other serotypes
Epidemiology
- Estimated 390 million dengue virus infections per year (95% credible interval 284–528 million)
- 96 million (67–136 million) manifest clinically (with any severity of disease)
- 3.9 billion people are at risk of infection with dengue viruses
- 70% of the actual burden is in Asia
- About half of the world's population is at risk of dengue with an estimated 100–400 million infections occurring each year
Prevention of Dengue Fever
- Preventing mosquito breeding:
- Environmental management and modification
- Disposing of solid waste properly
- Removing artificial man-made habitats that can hold water
- Covering, emptying, and cleaning of domestic water storage containers on a weekly basis
- Applying appropriate insecticides to water storage outdoor containers
- Personal protection from mosquito bites:
- Using window screens, repellents, insecticide-treated materials, coils, and vaporizers
- Wearing clothing that minimizes skin exposure to mosquitoes
- Community engagement:
- Educating the community on the risks of mosquito-borne diseases
- Engaging with the community to improve participation and mobilization for sustained vector control
- Reactive vector control:
- Emergency vector control measures such as applying insecticides as space spraying during outbreaks
- Active mosquito and virus surveillance:
- Monitoring and surveillance of vector abundance and species composition
- Prospectively monitoring prevalence of virus in the mosquito population
Yellow Fever
- Acute viral hemorrhagic disease transmitted by infected mosquitoes
Learn about the effective ways to prevent dengue fever, including environmental management, solid waste disposal, and proper water storage container maintenance. Understand the importance of preventing mosquito breeding and reducing the risk of dengue fever. Take this quiz to test your knowledge!
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