Podcast
Questions and Answers
According to the theories presented, what is the primary role of emotions in decision-making?
According to the theories presented, what is the primary role of emotions in decision-making?
Which of the following is NOT a key principle or concept discussed in the text?
Which of the following is NOT a key principle or concept discussed in the text?
What is the primary function of "scripts" as described in the text?
What is the primary function of "scripts" as described in the text?
How do mental models contribute to decision-making, according to the text?
How do mental models contribute to decision-making, according to the text?
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The primary driver of the "Communicative Theory" presented in the text is:
The primary driver of the "Communicative Theory" presented in the text is:
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Which of the following is NOT considered a shared component of emotions?
Which of the following is NOT considered a shared component of emotions?
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According to the evaluative theory of emotions, why are emotions considered valuable?
According to the evaluative theory of emotions, why are emotions considered valuable?
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Which emotion theory focuses on how we experience the sensations and physiological changes associated with emotions?
Which emotion theory focuses on how we experience the sensations and physiological changes associated with emotions?
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Which of the following is NOT a core principle of Lazarus's Cognitive-Motivational-Relational Theory?
Which of the following is NOT a core principle of Lazarus's Cognitive-Motivational-Relational Theory?
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What distinguishes the cognitive appraisal theory of emotions from other theories?
What distinguishes the cognitive appraisal theory of emotions from other theories?
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What governs how emotions are triggered according to Fridja’s Laws?
What governs how emotions are triggered according to Fridja’s Laws?
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What is the central argument of the behavioral theory of emotions?
What is the central argument of the behavioral theory of emotions?
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Which law describes the phenomenon where continued pleasures and hardships diminish over time?
Which law describes the phenomenon where continued pleasures and hardships diminish over time?
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According to the regulation laws, what is meant by 'Greatest gain'?
According to the regulation laws, what is meant by 'Greatest gain'?
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What is the key question addressed by Lazarus's Cognitive-Motivational-Relational Theory?
What is the key question addressed by Lazarus's Cognitive-Motivational-Relational Theory?
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What is the "core relational theme" in Lazarus's theory?
What is the "core relational theme" in Lazarus's theory?
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What does the law of 'Apparent reality' imply about emotions?
What does the law of 'Apparent reality' imply about emotions?
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What does the law of 'Conservation of emotional momentum' state?
What does the law of 'Conservation of emotional momentum' state?
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Which law focuses on the emotional impact of avoiding negative consequences?
Which law focuses on the emotional impact of avoiding negative consequences?
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What does the concept of 'Hedonic asymmetry' refer to?
What does the concept of 'Hedonic asymmetry' refer to?
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According to Fridja's Laws, which factor is NOT addressed in the elicitation of emotions?
According to Fridja's Laws, which factor is NOT addressed in the elicitation of emotions?
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What is the primary function of somatic markers in decision-making?
What is the primary function of somatic markers in decision-making?
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According to the Somatic Marker Hypothesis, what aspect of decision-making does the 'As If' loop represent?
According to the Somatic Marker Hypothesis, what aspect of decision-making does the 'As If' loop represent?
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What effect do somatic markers have on the decision-making process?
What effect do somatic markers have on the decision-making process?
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Which side of the prefrontal cortex is associated with approach emotions?
Which side of the prefrontal cortex is associated with approach emotions?
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How do facial expressions of emotion contribute to understanding human feelings?
How do facial expressions of emotion contribute to understanding human feelings?
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What role does affective style play in an individual's emotional expression?
What role does affective style play in an individual's emotional expression?
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What does temperament refer to in the context of emotional responses?
What does temperament refer to in the context of emotional responses?
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Which of the following emotions has a universally recognized facial expression?
Which of the following emotions has a universally recognized facial expression?
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What do persistence laws primarily explain regarding emotions?
What do persistence laws primarily explain regarding emotions?
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Which brain structure is primarily responsible for processing emotion-related memories?
Which brain structure is primarily responsible for processing emotion-related memories?
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What role does the prefrontal cortex play in emotional regulation?
What role does the prefrontal cortex play in emotional regulation?
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What happens during emotional hijacking?
What happens during emotional hijacking?
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Which brain region primarily associates emotions with memories?
Which brain region primarily associates emotions with memories?
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What triggers the fight or flight response according to emotional hijacking?
What triggers the fight or flight response according to emotional hijacking?
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Which of the following best describes emotional momentum?
Which of the following best describes emotional momentum?
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What does the thalamus primarily do in the context of emotional experience?
What does the thalamus primarily do in the context of emotional experience?
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What does research indicate about the expressions of emotions in newborns and infants?
What does research indicate about the expressions of emotions in newborns and infants?
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Which branch of Mayer & Salovey’s model focuses on regulating emotional processes in oneself and others?
Which branch of Mayer & Salovey’s model focuses on regulating emotional processes in oneself and others?
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How does the facial feedback hypothesis explain the relationship between facial expressions and emotions?
How does the facial feedback hypothesis explain the relationship between facial expressions and emotions?
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What cognitive ability is emphasized in the Emotional Understanding branch of emotional intelligence?
What cognitive ability is emphasized in the Emotional Understanding branch of emotional intelligence?
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Which of the following is NOT a recognized benefit of emotional intelligence?
Which of the following is NOT a recognized benefit of emotional intelligence?
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In cross-cultural studies, what has been observed about isolated societies regarding facial expressions?
In cross-cultural studies, what has been observed about isolated societies regarding facial expressions?
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What does alexithymia primarily affect in individuals?
What does alexithymia primarily affect in individuals?
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What is a key characteristic of the Emotional Facilitation/Integration branch of emotional intelligence?
What is a key characteristic of the Emotional Facilitation/Integration branch of emotional intelligence?
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Flashcards
Emotional Amplification
Emotional Amplification
The process where components of emotion work together to enhance emotional experiences.
Scripts
Scripts
Emotional habits embedded in cognitive structures that guide responses to events.
Cognitive Evaluations
Cognitive Evaluations
Assessments that influence emotions and indicate our goal priorities.
Mental Models
Mental Models
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Communicative Theory
Communicative Theory
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Elicitation of Emotions
Elicitation of Emotions
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Persistence of Emotions
Persistence of Emotions
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Situational Meaning
Situational Meaning
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Hedonic Asymmetry
Hedonic Asymmetry
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Conservation of Emotional Momentum
Conservation of Emotional Momentum
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Closure in Emotions
Closure in Emotions
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Care for Consequences
Care for Consequences
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Lightest Load vs. Greatest Gain
Lightest Load vs. Greatest Gain
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Definition of Emotion
Definition of Emotion
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Components of Emotion
Components of Emotion
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Difference Between Emotions and Moods
Difference Between Emotions and Moods
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Behavioral Emotion Theory
Behavioral Emotion Theory
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Cognitive Emotion Theory
Cognitive Emotion Theory
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Cognitive-Motivational-Relational Theory
Cognitive-Motivational-Relational Theory
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Core Relational Theme
Core Relational Theme
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Action Tendency
Action Tendency
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Persistence Laws
Persistence Laws
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Regulation Laws
Regulation Laws
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Emotional Processes
Emotional Processes
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Amygdala
Amygdala
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Hippocampus
Hippocampus
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Thalamus
Thalamus
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Prefrontal Cortex
Prefrontal Cortex
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Emotional Hijacking
Emotional Hijacking
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Biological Basis of Emotions
Biological Basis of Emotions
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Facial Feedback Hypothesis
Facial Feedback Hypothesis
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Self-Perception Theory
Self-Perception Theory
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Mayer & Salovey's EI Branches
Mayer & Salovey's EI Branches
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Emotion Perception and Identification
Emotion Perception and Identification
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Emotional Facilitation/Integration
Emotional Facilitation/Integration
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Alexithymia
Alexithymia
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Effects of Emotional Intelligence
Effects of Emotional Intelligence
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Somatic Marker Hypothesis
Somatic Marker Hypothesis
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Positive and Negative Markers
Positive and Negative Markers
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As If Loop
As If Loop
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Emotional Learning
Emotional Learning
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Left PFC
Left PFC
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Right PFC
Right PFC
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Affective Style
Affective Style
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Facial Expressions of Emotion
Facial Expressions of Emotion
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Study Notes
Definition of Emotion
- Emotion is an internal, mental state representing evaluative reactions to events, agents, or objects.
- Emotions are generally short-lived and intense, directed at external stimuli.
- Emotions are different from moods, which set the emotional stage.
- Emotions are associated with reactions and behaviors.
- Components of emotion include:
- Cognitive appraisal or evaluation of a situation.
- Physiological component of arousal.
- A subjective feeling state.
- Action tendency (motor expression/behavior).
- Object or target.
Types of Emotion Theories
- Sensation/physiological theories focus on the experience of emotion (e.g., arousal).
- Behavioral theories focus on observable actions (e.g., facial expressions).
- Evaluative theories connect emotions to evaluative beliefs (e.g., emotions as providing information about situations).
- Cognitive theories propose that emotions arise from beliefs or thoughts about the environment (e.g., appraisal theories).
Cognitive-Motivational-Relational Theory
- Emotions arise from appraisals (evaluations) of interactions with the world.
- Key principle: cognitive appraisals (evaluations) and "core relational themes" (relationships between the person and their environment based on appraisals).
- Two levels of appraisal:
- Primary appraisal: assessing goal relevance and goal congruence.
- Secondary appraisal: assessing how well the situation can be handled.
Thoughts Prior to Emotions
- Thoughts (ego-involvement) inform how an event relates to one's identity, beliefs, and values.
- Secondary appraisal involves evaluating coping potential in relation to goals.
Script Theory
- Emotions are components in a complex interaction, amplifying emotional experience.
- Scripts act as emotional habits triggered by signals associated with specific events; these are linked to situations.
- These scripts shape our emotional responses to similar future situations.
Communicative Theory
- How are goal priorities assigned?
- Emotions communicate priorities to self and others.
- Emotional experience is based on cognitive evaluation, shaping responses and behavior.
Fridja's Laws of Emotions
- Emotion elicitation (laws 1-4): how emotions are triggered by meaningful events.
- Emotion persistence (laws 5-8): why emotions persist even after events.
- Emotion regulation (laws 9-12): how emotions are managed (e.g., minimizing negative emotion, maximizing positive emotion).
Brain Processes in Emotion
- The brain processes emotions through steps: detecting, interpreting, and regulating feelings.
- Brain structures involved in emotional experiences:
- Amygdala (processes emotion-related memories).
- Hippocampus (stores situational memory).
- Thalamus (sensory relay center).
- Prefrontal Cortex (regulates emotions and links emotions to memories).
Emotional Hijacking
- Intense emotion can disrupt rational thought.
- Amygdala triggers a "fight or flight" response before the prefrontal cortex can process the situation.
Somatic Marker Hypothesis
- Bodily sensations (somatic markers) can assist in decision-making.
- Positive and negative markers: based on experience and learning.
- Allows us to quickly assess situations based on previous experiences.
Relationship Between Reasoned Decision-Making and Emotion
- Emotions are essential for rational decisions. Emotional learning helps us determine good versus bad choices.
- Brain hemispheric specialization (left vs. right prefrontal cortex) influences approach and withdrawal emotions.
Distinctiveness of Facial Expressions of Emotion
- Facial expressions are primary ways specific emotions are communicated nonverbally.
- Some expressions (e.g., disgust, sadness) are universally understood across cultures.
Facial Feedback Hypothesis
- Our facial expressions can influence our emotional experience.
Self-Perception Theory
- People may infer their emotions by observing their own behavior.
Mayer & Salovey's 4 branches of Emotional Intelligence
- Emotion perception and identification.
- Emotional facilitation and integration.
- Emotional understanding.
- Emotional management.
Alexithymia
- Difficulty identifying, describing, and expressing emotions.
- Weakness in linking emotions and language.
Empathy vs. Sympathy
- Empathy involves understanding and sharing another person's feelings.
- Sympathy is feeling concern for another person's situation without sharing the emotions.
Attunement & Mirroring
- Attunement: recognizing another's emotional experience and responding appropriately.
- Mirroring: matching another's emotions, potentially leading to emotional contagion.
Emotional Contagion
- Tendency to mimic and synchronize emotions and behaviors with others.
Emotion Management
- Strategies for managing emotions or responses to them.
Fear vs. Anxiety
- Fear: immediate, physical threat.
- Anxiety: uncertain, existential threat.
Social Anxiety
- Feelings of nervousness, self-consciousness, uncertainty, or dread during interactions with others.
Anger Expression
- Anger is often associated with frustration, aggression, and communication problems.
- Unjustified, intentional, and avoidable situations are more likely to trigger anger than those not.
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Description
Explore the multifaceted concept of emotion, including its definition, components, and various theories. This quiz will challenge your understanding of how emotions are experienced, expressed, and evaluated in different contexts.