Psychology Chapter 12: Emotion and Stress

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Questions and Answers

What is burnout?

Positive changes in thoughts and emotions
Negative changes in thoughts, emotions, and behavior due to prolonged stress (correct)
A state of relaxation and peace
None of the above

What defines a conflict in psychology?

A feeling of complete harmony
Being drawn to one goal only
Full achievement of desires
The experience of being pulled toward multiple desires or goals (correct)

What is displacement?

A psychological defense mechanism where emotional reactions are shifted to less threatening targets.

Who are optimists?

People who expect positive outcomes. Signup and view all the answers

What does escape refer to in dealing with stress?

Leaving the presence of a stressor or psychological withdrawal. Signup and view all the answers

Define rationalization.

A defense mechanism involving acceptable excuses for unacceptable behavior. Signup and view all the answers

What are stressors?

Events that cause a stress reaction. Signup and view all the answers

Explain projection as a defense mechanism.

Attributing unacceptable impulses or feelings to someone else. Signup and view all the answers

What is repression?

A defense mechanism that pushes threatening events into the unconscious mind. Signup and view all the answers

Define catastrophe.

An unpredictable, large-scale event that creates a need for adaptation. Signup and view all the answers

What is identification in psychological terms?

A defense mechanism where a person tries to become like someone else to manage anxiety. Signup and view all the answers

Who are pessimists?

People who expect negative outcomes. Signup and view all the answers

What is eustress?

The effect of positive events that promote health and well-being. Signup and view all the answers

Define psychoneuroimmunology.

The study of how psychological factors affect the immune system. Signup and view all the answers

What is distress?

The effect of unpleasant and undesirable stressors. Signup and view all the answers

Describe meditation.

Mental exercises aimed at refocusing attention and achieving a trance-like state. Signup and view all the answers

What does denial mean in psychological defense mechanisms?

Refusing to acknowledge or recognize a threatening situation. Signup and view all the answers

Define pressure in a psychological context.

The experience caused by urgent demands or expectations from outside sources. Signup and view all the answers

What is frustration?

The psychological experience from blocking a desired goal. Signup and view all the answers

What does stress describe?

Physical, emotional, cognitive, and behavioral responses to perceived threats or challenges. Signup and view all the answers

What is General Adaptation Syndrome?

The three stages of the body's reaction to stress: alarm, resistance, and exhaustion. Signup and view all the answers

Define aggression.

Actions meant to harm or destroy. Signup and view all the answers

What are hassles?

The daily annoyances of everyday life. Signup and view all the answers

What is regression in psychological terms?

Falling back on childlike patterns of responding to stress. Signup and view all the answers

Define sublimation.

Channeling unacceptable impulses into socially acceptable behavior. Signup and view all the answers

What is acculturative stress?

Stress resulting from adapting to a new culture. Signup and view all the answers

Define compensation.

A defense mechanism where a person excels in one area to make up for feelings of inferiority in another. Signup and view all the answers

What are coping strategies?

Actions taken to manage, tolerate, or reduce stress. Signup and view all the answers

What are defense mechanisms?

Unconscious distortions of reality that help reduce stress and anxiety. Signup and view all the answers

What does emotion-focused coping mean?

Coping strategies that change the emotional reaction to a stressor. Signup and view all the answers

Who is a hardy individual?

A person who thrives on stress without the anger of Type A personality. Signup and view all the answers

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Study Notes

Key Concepts in Emotion, Stress, and Health

Burnout: Characterized by negative shifts in thoughts, emotions, and behaviors due to prolonged stress or frustration.
Conflict: Involves psychological tension when drawn to multiple desires or goals, with only one being achievable.
Displacement: A defense mechanism where emotional responses are transferred to less threatening targets instead of the original source.
Optimists vs. Pessimists: Optimists anticipate positive outcomes while pessimists expect negative outcomes, impacting their stress responses and coping strategies.
Escape: Refers to either physically leaving a stress-inducing situation or mentally withdrawing through fantasy or substance use.
Rationalization: Involves creating acceptable justifications for unacceptable behaviors to protect self-esteem.
Stressors: Events that incite stress reactions, which can vary in intensity and nature.
Projection: A defense mechanism where an individual attributes their own unacceptable impulses to others, often projecting blame.
Repression: The conscious exclusion from awareness of threatening thoughts or events, pushing them into the unconscious mind.
Catastrophe: Unforeseen, large-scale events that require significant adaptation and often invoke a strong sense of threat.
Identification: A defense mechanism where an individual emulates someone else to cope with anxiety.
Eustress vs. Distress: Eustress refers to positive stress that promotes health, while distress involves negative stressors that are unpleasant.
Psychoneuroimmunology: An interdisciplinary study exploring how psychological factors affect the immune system.
Meditation: A mental practice designed to focus attention and achieve a trance-like state for relaxation.
Denial: A defense mechanism where an individual refuses to acknowledge or accept a threatening situation.
Pressure: Psychological strain resulting from urgent demands or expectations imposed by external sources.
Frustration: The emotional response experienced when reaching a goal or fulfilling a need is obstructed.
Stress: Encompasses physical, emotional, cognitive, and behavioral reactions to perceived threats or challenges.
General Adaptation Syndrome: Describes the body's physiological response to stress through three stages: alarm, resistance, and exhaustion.
Aggression: Behaviors intended to cause harm or destruction.
Hassles: The minor annoyances experienced in daily life that can accumulate and contribute to stress.
Regression: A defense mechanism where an individual reverts to childlike behaviors when faced with stress.
Sublimation: Redirecting socially unacceptable impulses toward socially acceptable activities.
Acculturative Stress: Stress arising from adapting to a new cultural environment or majority culture.
Compensation: A defense mechanism where individuals strive to overcome perceived shortcomings in one area by excelling in another.
Coping Strategies: Actions aimed at managing, alleviating, or reducing the adverse effects of stressors.
Defense Mechanisms: Unconscious psychological strategies that distort reality to reduce anxiety and stress.
Emotion-Focused Coping: Strategies that aim to alter the emotional impact of stressors rather than change the stressor itself.
Hardy Personality: Describes individuals who thrive under stress without the negative traits often seen in Type A personalities.

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