Questions and Answers
What is the main contribution of the SAVE system?
To detect and demonstrate deception by integrating various factors
What is the significance of Poyatos' work?
To analyze the communicative process between human beings
What is the approach to nonverbal behavior addressed by?
Psychology, psychiatry, anthropology, sociology, ethology, and linguistics
What is the reason behind the lack of clear research support for various indicators of deception?
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What is the importance of context in detecting deception?
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What is the focus of the chapter?
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What is the term used to describe the study of human movement?
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Who is the author mentioned in the text who has worked on deception detection?
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What is paralanguage defined as?
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What did Darwin describe in 1872?
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What is emotional prosody related to?
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What does a deeper tone of voice often indicate?
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What does an increase in speech speed often indicate?
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What does a high average pitch value often reflect?
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What do abrupt fluctuations between high and low pitch values often reflect?
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What does a wide range between maximum and minimum pitch values often indicate?
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What is the conclusion of current scientific research on eye movement and deception?
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What did Wiseman et al.'s study (2012) find regarding eye movement and lying?
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What is a common myth about eye contact and deception?
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What is the relationship between lying and cognitive load?
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Why do skilled liars often maintain eye contact?
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What did Ex-line's investigation (1963) find about eye contact and hiding information?
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What did the experiment by Leal and Vrij (2008) show about blinking during deception?
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What happens to blink frequency when anxiety increases?
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What is a common behavior of people who try to hide information?
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What is the relationship between blink frequency and cognitive load?
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What did Mann et al.'s study (2012) and Frosina et al.'s study (2018) find about eye contact and lying?
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Why have some nonverbal expressive channels received less attention in deception detection research?
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What is a misconception about NLP advocates' claims about gaze direction and deception?
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What do liars often provide according to deception detection research?
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What can the combination of indirect clues allow in deception detection?
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What is the focus of deception detection research?
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What is the only objective part in understanding human behavior?
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Which of the following is an observable aspect of human behavior?
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What can be observed in some cases, according to the text?
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What is marked in both red and blue in the diagram?
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What can trigger an automatic behavior, according to the text?
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What is an example of a situation where the stimulus is observable?
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What can be displayed as a result of the subject's motivation and cognitive processes?
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What is an example of an observable physiological response?
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Study Notes
Deception Detection
- There is no comprehensive list of irrefutable behavioral indicators of lying, and detecting deception requires considering all factors together, including context and psychological processes.
Nonverbal Expressive Channels
- Gestures:
- Poyatos (1994a) organized communicative process concepts into verbal language, paralanguage, and kinesics.
- Touching one's ear or scratching their head may be a microexpression, but it's not a definitive indicator of deception.
- Paralanguage:
- Defined as the component of language that refers to cognitive processing necessary to understand and express communicative intentions through suprasegmental aspects of speech (pauses, intonation variations, vocal intensity modulations).
- Emotional prosody is related to the communication of emotions and introduces emotional content into the message.
- Tone of voice informs about the emotional state of an individual, and speech speed increases with excitement or euphoria.
Eye Movements
- No eye movement pattern is associated with deception, contrary to NLP advocates' claims.
- Fixed gaze is a myth; individuals who maintain eye contact with their interlocutor may be monitoring and checking the effect of their lie.
- Liars may maintain more deliberate eye contact than truth-tellers, and eye contact is affected by the need to hide information.
Other Expressive Channels
- Positions and Postures:
- Behavioral clues associated with deception can be revealed indirectly, allowing interpretation and elaboration of hypotheses about a subject's credibility.
- Observable behavior is the only objective part, and it can be intentional, automatic, or a failed attempt at control.
SAVE (System for Analysis of Validity in Evaluation)
- Covers the need for integration to detect and demonstrate deception, considering all factors together.
- Allows for the interpretation of behavioral signs related to lying and psychological processes.
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Description
Learn about the various indicators of deception highlighted in different studies, including signs and behaviors that may reveal dishonesty.