Data Transmission on Physical Media
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Questions and Answers

What is the relationship between the required bandwidth and bit rate in baseband transmission?

  • Required bandwidth is proportional to bit rate. (correct)
  • Required bandwidth is independent of bit rate.
  • Required bandwidth decreases as bit rate increases.
  • Required bandwidth is inversely proportional to bit rate.

    • What type of signal is primarily used in broadband transmission?

  • Digital signals
  • Binary signals
  • Analog signals (correct)
  • Discrete signals

    • Which of the following is a characteristic of unidirectional broadband communication?

  • Utilizes only digital transmission methods.
  • Requires one pathway for both sending and receiving.
  • Requires two pathways for sending and receiving. (correct)
  • Can send and receive simultaneously on the same channel.

    • Which of the following is NOT a cause of transmission signal impairment?

    <p>Insulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does attenuation refer to in signal transmission?

    <p>Loss of energy in a signal.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What measurement is used to express the relative strengths of signals in transmission?

    <p>Decibel (dB)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common outcome of signal distortion?

    <p>Signal components have different propagation speeds.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a high Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) indicate about the signal?

    <p>The signal is less corrupted by noise.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor does NOT contribute to noise in signal transmission?

    <p>High levels of bandwidth.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which formula represents the Shannon capacity for a noisy channel?

    <p>Bit Rate = bandwidth x log 2 (1 + SNR)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can increasing the number of signal levels impact the data transmission?

    <p>It may reduce the receiver's reliability.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between bandwidth in hertz and bandwidth in bits per second?

    <p>An increase in bandwidth in hertz means an increase in bandwidth in bits per second.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of noise primarily corrupts signals by causing unwanted interference?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'Nyquist bit rate' refer to?

    <p>The theoretical maximum bit rate for a noiseless channel.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What equation correctly defines the Signal-to-Noise Ratio in decibels (SNRdB)?

    <p>SNRdB = 10 log 10 (average signal power / average noise power)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factors affect the data rate in data communications?

    <p>Bandwidth, signal level, and noise level.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between analog and digital data?

    <p>Analog data can take on a continuous range of values, whereas digital data have discrete states.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are the bandwidth and frequency of a composite periodic analog signal defined?

    <p>Bandwidth is the range of frequencies between the highest and lowest frequencies contained in the signal.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of baseband transmission?

    <p>It sends digital signals through the media as a single channel.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does baud rate specifically refer to?

    <p>The number of signal changes transmitted per second</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a digital signal with L levels, how do you determine the number of bits per level?

    <p>Using the formula log2(L).</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about baseband transmission is correct?

    <p>It transmits signals as pulses of electricity or light.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following correctly describes the relationship between bit rate and baud rate?

    <p>Baud rate is less than or equal to bit rate in analog transmission of digital data</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What classifies a signal as a composite periodic analog signal?

    <p>It is made up of multiple sine waves.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of throughput in network transmission?

    <p>To represent the actual speed of data transmission</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is not a type of data (or) signal encoding?

    <p>Frequency-to-Frequency Conversion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does baseband communication imply about signal directionality?

    <p>It can send and receive signals bidirectionally.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If a digital signal has eight levels, how many bits are required per level?

    <p>3 bits.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the variable 'r' represent in the relationship S = N x 1 / r?

    <p>The ratio of data elements per signal element</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which device utilizes digital-to-analog conversion to connect a digital source to analog media?

    <p>Modem</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In data transmission, how does increasing the data rate generally affect the signal rate?

    <p>It increases the bandwidth requirement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which aspect distinguishes throughput from bandwidth?

    <p>Throughput is always less than bandwidth.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the bandwidth range of twisted pair cables?

    <p>0 - 100 MHz</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements correctly describes the use of coaxial cables?

    <p>They include thick net and thin net types.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary advantage of optical fiber cables over twisted pair cables?

    <p>Higher usable bandwidth.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of twisted pair cable is predominantly used in outdoor areas?

    <p>Shielded Twisted Pair</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do stranded twisted pair cables differ from solid twisted pair cables?

    <p>Stranded cables are more flexible and have a smaller bend-radius.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following cable types offers the largest bandwidth?

    <p>Optical Fiber Cable</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for modulating an analog signal?

    <p>To fit the signal into a band pass channel</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main component used in fiber-optic cables for data transmission?

    <p>Glass or plastic filaments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which technique is commonly used for converting analog to digital signals?

    <p>Pulse Code Modulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following cables is generally not used for data communications?

    <p>Open Wire</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is necessary for digital-to-digital conversion?

    <p>Line coding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a type of un-guided transmission media?

    <p>Optical fiber</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which transmission medium is used for Wireless LANs?

    <p>Radio wave</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In guided transmission media, which of these options is NOT included?

    <p>Remote control signals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three techniques involved in digital-to-digital conversion?

    <p>Line coding, block coding, and scrambling</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these transmission media is considered un-guided?

    <p>Microwave signal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is required to compensate for signal energy loss due to attenuation during transmission?

    <p>Amplifiers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following accurately describes the consequence of distortion in a transmitted signal?

    <p>Alteration of signal shape</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does broadband transmission enable simultaneous data transmissions?

    <p>By allocating different frequencies for each transmission</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor does NOT contribute to transmission signal impairment?

    <p>Insufficient bandwidth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does noise in signal transmission primarily refer to?

    <p>Random unwanted signals that affect data integrity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement is true regarding frequency-division multiplexing in broadband transmission?

    <p>It enables simultaneous transmission by splitting bandwidth into distinct frequency bands.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when a signal experiences attenuation in transmission?

    <p>The signal may require amplification.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what scenario would phase difference at the receiver most likely occur?

    <p>When the signal travels at various speeds through the medium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a low Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) imply about the data transmission?

    <p>The signal is significantly affected by noise.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of data communications, how does increasing bandwidth in hertz affect data rate?

    <p>It allows for a higher data rate.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which formula would you use to calculate the theoretical maximum bit rate of a channel with noise?

    <p>Bit Rate = bandwidth x log 2 (1 + SNR)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What challenges might arise from increasing the number of signal levels used to represent data?

    <p>It can burden the receiver and reduce reliability.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term describes the measurement of signal strength relative to noise in a transmission?

    <p>Signal-to-Noise Ratio</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which unit is used to express the Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) in terms of its decibel value?

    <p>SNRdB</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following does not directly affect the data rate of a communication channel?

    <p>Transmission distance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Nyquist bit rate calculate for a noiseless channel?

    <p>Bit Rate = 2 x bandwidth x log 2 L</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main reason for using analog-to-analog conversion techniques?

    <p>To enable transmission over band pass channels.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does throughput differ from bandwidth in data communications?

    <p>Throughput is an actual measurement of data transfer, while bandwidth is a potential measurement.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What technique is predominantly used for converting analog signals into digital data?

    <p>Pulse Code Modulation (PCM)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum bandwidth of twisted pair cables?

    <p>0 - 100 MHz</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes Guided Transmission Media?

    <p>Relies on physical conductors for signal transmission.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the formula $S = N x 1 / r$, what does the variable 'N' represent?

    <p>The bit rate of the data being transmitted.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of coaxial cable is described as inflexible and requires special equipment for connection?

    <p>RG-8</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following types of waves is NOT typically associated with un-guided transmission media?

    <p>Coaxial cable signals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic is true for a digital-to-analog conversion process?

    <p>It modifies analog signals based on digital data characteristics.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement is true regarding optical fiber cables?

    <p>They provide greater bandwidth and longer cable runs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary factor that affects the relationship between baud rate and bit rate?

    <p>The number of data elements carried per signal element.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following techniques for Digital-to-Digital conversion may not always be necessary?

    <p>Scrambling</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately describes the characteristics of analog data?

    <p>Analog data can take continuous values within a specified range.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In terms of data transmission, what is a key limitation of baseband communication?

    <p>It utilizes the full bandwidth of the medium for a single channel.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is true regarding un-guided transmission media?

    <p>It utilizes electromagnetic waves for transmission.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following conversions allows digital data to be sent over long-distance communication links?

    <p>Digital-to-Analog conversion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP) from Shielded Twisted Pair (STP)?

    <p>UTP is primarily identified by a category rating.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of line coding in digital signal transmission?

    <p>It can directly map binary data to signal shapes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'r = log_2 L' signify in data transmission?

    <p>The ratio of bits to baud rate.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one advantage of stranded twisted pair cables over solid twisted pair cables?

    <p>They have a smaller bend radius.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is the bandwidth of a composite analog signal defined?

    <p>It is the difference between the highest and lowest frequencies within the signal.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What differentiates baud rate from bit rate in analog transmission of digital data?

    <p>Baud rate can never exceed bit rate.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are coaxial cables becoming less popular in data communications?

    <p>Better alternatives such as fiber-optic cables are available.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of transmission media, which of the following best defines 'guided media'?

    <p>Transmission that requires a physical path for signal propagation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When considering digital signals, what does the term 'L levels' refer to?

    <p>The number of discrete states each signal can represent.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the nature of digital signals?

    <p>They can represent multiple bits using specific signal levels.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a unique characteristic of fiber-optic cables compared to other guided media?

    <p>They use glass or plastic filaments for data transmission.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following types of encoding does NOT represent the conversion of digital data?

    <p>Analog-to-Analog conversion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What category of twisted pair cables is mainly used for indoor applications?

    <p>UTP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes periodic analog signals from composite periodic signals?

    <p>Periodic analog signals cannot be decomposed into simpler signals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a major disadvantage of using baseband transmission for data signals?

    <p>It restricts messages to only a single channel within the bandwidth.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'Baud rate' specifically refer to in data communications?

    <p>The number of signal changes or symbols per second.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Data Transmission on Physical Media

    • Data can be analog or digital. Analog data are continuous, digital data have discrete values.
    • Signals can be analog (infinite values) or digital (limited values).
    • Periodic analog signals can be simple (sine wave) or composite (multiple sine waves).
    • Bandwidth is the difference between the highest and lowest frequencies in a signal.
    • Digital signals can have more than two levels, allowing multiple bits per level to be sent.
    • Encoding methods are used to translate digital data for transmission.
    • Sending one bit per level, or more than one bit per level.
    • Bit rate is the number of bits transmitted per second
    • Baud rate is the number of signal changes per second
    • Data rate depends on bandwidth, signal levels, and channel quality.
    • Baseband transmission sends data as digital signals over the entire bandwidth of the medium.
    • Broadband transmission sends data as analog signals using different frequencies, allowing for simultaneous transmission.
    • Transmission impairments (attenuation, distortion, and noise) affect signal quality during transmission.
    • Attenuation is the loss of signal energy over distance.
    • Distortion changes the shape of the signal.
    • Noise is unwanted signal interference.
    • The signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) compares wanted signal power to unwanted noise power. Higher SNR means less signal corruption by noise.
    • Throughput is the actual rate of data transmission through a network, always less than bandwidth.
    • Data encoding can be digital-to-analog, analog-to-analog, analog-to-digital, or digital-to-digital conversion.
    • Modulation methods like Amplitude Shift Keying (ASK), Frequency Shift Keying (FSK), and Phase Shift Keying (PSK), and Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM) are used for digital-to-analog conversion.
    • Encoding methods include digital coding, like Pulse Code Modulation (PCM)

    Transmission Media Categories

    • Transmission media are categorized as guided (e.g., twisted-pair, coaxial, fiber optic) and unguided (wireless, e.g., radio waves, microwaves, infrared).
    • Guided media typically have a physical path (cable).
    • Unguided media transmit signals through the air.
    • Bandwidth is the range of frequencies a transmission medium can carry.
    • Twisted-pair cable has low bandwidth (0–100 MHz).
    • Coaxial cable has medium bandwidth (0–600 MHz).
    • Fiber-optic cable has high bandwidth (0–10 GHz).

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    Data Transmission on Physical Media PDF

    Description

    Explore the concepts of data transmission through physical media, encompassing both analog and digital signals. Understand the differences in encoding methods, bandwidth, and transmission rates. This quiz covers essential topics such as bit rate, baud rate, and the distinctions between baseband and broadband transmission.

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