Data Transmission on Physical Media

Baseband transmission uses the entire bandwidth of the media for a single channel, while broadband allows multiple channels within the same bandwidth.

The number of bits required per level is calculated as $log_2 L$, where L is the number of levels.

Scrambling is used to randomize the signal for better transmission quality and to help avoid long sequences of zeros or ones.

<p>Guided transmission media refer to physical pathways, like cables, through which signals are transmitted. An example is twisted pair cables.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Un-guided transmission media or wireless transmission does not use physical connectors, relying instead on radio waves or infrared signals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Line coding techniques convert digital data into digital signals suitable for transmission over a communication medium.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Block coding involves adding extra bits to data to create longer code words, which can help in error detection and correction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bandwidth is the difference between the highest and lowest frequencies within a signal and determines the amount of data that can be transmitted.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The two main types of twisted pair cables are Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP) and Shielded Twisted Pair (STP).</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Optical Fiber Cable offers the highest bandwidth, ranging from 0 to 10 GHz.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Stranded cables have a smaller bend radius, allowing them to be used in tighter spaces without loss of performance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Open Wire is not used in data communications.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The two types of coaxial cables are Thick net (RG-8 and RG-11) and Thin net (RG-58). They were used in data communications.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fiber-optic cable prices have dropped, making it a viable option for LAN uses beyond just high-speed backbone networks.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The bandwidth range for twisted pair cables is 0 to 100 MHz.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Solid twisted pair cables consist of a single solid wire, while stranded cables are made up of multiple smaller wires.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Line coding is used to represent digital data with a digital signal, ensuring that the information can be transmitted efficiently and accurately.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Block coding enhances data transmission by adding redundant bits to the data, which helps in error detection and correction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Coaxial cable and optical fiber are two types of guided transmission media, commonly used in cable television and high-speed internet, respectively.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Scrambling is a technique used to randomize the data sequence to prevent long sequences of zeros or ones, helping in ensuring a more uniform signal and reducing the risk of synchronization issues.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Un-guided transmission media use electromagnetic waves to transmit information without physical connectors, facilitating wireless communication.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Analog-to-digital conversion is crucial because digital signals are generally less susceptible to noise and can be processed and transmitted more efficiently over networks.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Guided transmission media involve physical pathways like cables and fibers, whereas un-guided media transmit information through air or space using electromagnetic waves.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Microwave transmission is commonly used for terrestrial and satellite communication, facilitating the transfer of data over long distances.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The bit rate increases as required bandwidth is proportional to it.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Frequency-division multiplexing allows multiple transmissions to occur simultaneously by assigning different frequency portions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Attenuation refers to the loss of energy as a signal travels through a medium.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Distortion causes changes in the form or shape of the composite signals due to differing propagation speeds.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Noise contributes to signal impairment by introducing irrelevant signals that alter the original message.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A negative decibel value indicates that a signal has experienced attenuation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Two pathways are necessary for unidirectional broadband communication to facilitate simultaneous sending and receiving.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Amplifiers are used to counteract the effects of attenuation in signal transmission.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Digital data has discrete values, while analog data is continuous with an infinite number of possible values.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The bandwidth represents the difference between the highest and lowest frequencies contained in the signal.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Data is sent as digital signals through a single channel using the entire bandwidth of the media.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A high SNR indicates that the signal is less corrupted by noise.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The number of bits per level is given by the formula log2(L), where L is the number of levels.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increasing bandwidth allows for a higher data rate, measured in bits per second.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Baseband transmission uses the entire bandwidth for a single channel, not allowing simultaneous multiple channel frequencies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Nyquist bit rate is used for noiseless channels to define the maximum theoretical bit rate as $Bit Rate = 2 imes bandwidth imes log_2 L$.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A composite periodic analog signal is made up of multiple sine waves and has a defined bandwidth.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Shannon capacity is defined as $Bit Rate = bandwidth imes log_2 (1 + SNR)$, linking data rate to SNR in noisy channels.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>More levels in a digital signal enable the transmission of multiple bits per signal state, increasing data capacity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Digital signals can be classified as composite analog signals with frequencies extending from zero to infinity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Practical limitations arise due to increased complexity for the receiver, potentially reducing system reliability.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bandwidth is used to describe both the range of frequencies in a composite signal and the speed of bit transmission.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bandwidth affects the amount of data that can be transmitted simultaneously, influencing overall transmission speed and reliability.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Measuring SNR in decibels provides a logarithmic scale that simplifies the representation of large power ratios.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The baud rate is less than or equal to the bit rate in analog transmission of digital data.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>In this formula, $S$ represents the baud rate, $N$ is the bit rate, and $r$ defines the ratio of the number of data elements carried in one signal element.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Throughput is the actual measurement of data successfully transmitted, while bandwidth is a potential measurement of a link's capacity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The four types are Digital-to-Analog, Analog-to-Analog, Analog-to-Digital, and Digital-to-Digital conversion; encoding is important for compatibility between digital data and analog transmission media.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A modem converts digital data into an analog signal for transmission over phone lines and vice versa.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The ratio $r$ represents the number of data elements carried in one signal element, calculated as $r = \log_2 L$.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Higher data rates increase transmission speed, while lower signal rates reduce bandwidth requirements, making communication more efficient.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Digital-to-analog conversion allows digital data to be transmitted over analog media, facilitating long-distance communication.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>STP cables are shielded to reduce electromagnetic interference, making them suitable for outdoor and special environments, while UTP cables, being unshielded, are predominantly used in indoor settings.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The decline in fiber-optic cable prices allows for their adoption in smaller networks, enhancing data transmission speed and bandwidth capabilities in LAN applications.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Coaxial cables require specialized equipment for connectivity and have been largely replaced by more efficient and higher-bandwidth options like fiber-optic cables.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Solid cables offer better performance over longer distances, while stranded cables have advantages in flexibility and handling, making them suitable for changeable setups.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Optical fibers use light for data transmission, allowing significant bandwidth and speed, whereas twisted pair cables transmit electrical signals, limiting their capacity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cables with a smaller bend radius, like stranded cables, can be easily maneuvered around tight spaces, reducing the risk of damage and installation complications.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The 0-100 MHz bandwidth range allows twisted pair cables to support various data transmission rates, making them suitable for typical network tasks.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Thick net cables are more robust for network backbones while thin net cables provide more flexibility for connecting individual devices in a network.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Modulation is needed to adapt the signal for a band pass medium or channel.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pulse Code Modulation (PCM) is commonly used for this conversion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The three techniques are line coding, block coding, and scrambling.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Radio waves are a type of un-guided transmission medium used in Wireless LANs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Optical fiber uses light waves for data transmission.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Guided media use physical conductors to transport signals, while un-guided media transmit electromagnetic waves without a physical medium.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Microwaves are one of the types of wireless media used.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pulse Code Modulation quantizes and encodes the amplitude of analog signals into discrete digital values.</p> Signup and view all the answers