Data Structures in Python
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary difference between a list and a tuple in Python?

  • A tuple is immutable, while a list is mutable. (correct)
  • A tuple can be modified, while a list cannot.
  • A list is ordered, while a tuple is unordered.
  • A list can contain duplicate values, while a tuple cannot.

    • What is the purpose of the try-except block in Python?

  • To define a new class
  • To raise custom exceptions
  • To create a new object
  • To catch and handle exceptions (correct)

    • What is the result of the code my_dict = {'name': 'John', 'age': 30}; print(my_dict['name'])?

  • It raises a KeyError
  • It prints 'John' (correct)
  • It prints the entire dictionary
  • It prints '30'

    • What is the purpose of inheritance in object-oriented programming?

    <p>To create a new class from an existing class</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the code my_set = {1, 2, 3}; print(my_set[0])?

    <p>It raises a TypeError</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of raising a custom exception in Python?

    <p>To provide a more informative error message</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the open() function in file input/output?

    <p>To specify the file mode and return a file object</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between Flask and Django?

    <p>Flask is a micro framework, while Django is a high-level framework</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the csv module in Python?

    <p>To work with CSV files</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the extends keyword in template inheritance?

    <p>To inherit from a parent template</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the class MyException(Exception): pass code?

    <p>To define a new exception type</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Data Structures

    • Lists: Ordered collection of items, can be modified, and can contain duplicate values.
      • Create: my_list = [1, 2, 3]
      • Indexing: my_list[0] returns the first element
      • Slicing: my_list[1:3] returns a subset of the list
    • Tuples: Ordered, immutable collection of items.
      • Create: my_tuple = (1, 2, 3)
      • Indexing: my_tuple[0] returns the first element
    • Dictionaries: Unordered collection of key-value pairs.
      • Create: my_dict = {'name': 'John', 'age': 30}
      • Access: my_dict['name'] returns the value associated with the key
    • Sets: Unordered collection of unique items.
      • Create: my_set = {1, 2, 3}
      • Operations: union, intersection, difference

    Object-Oriented Programming

    • Classes: Blueprints for creating objects.
      • Define: class MyClass: pass
      • Instantiate: my_obj = MyClass()
    • Objects: Instances of classes.
      • Attributes: my_obj.my_attribute
      • Methods: my_obj.my_method()
    • Inheritance: Mechanism for creating a new class from an existing class.
      • Single inheritance: class Child(Parent): pass
      • Multiple inheritance: class Child(Parent1, Parent2): pass

    Exception Handling

    • Try-Except Blocks: Catch and handle exceptions.
      • try: ... except ExceptionType: ...
      • try: ... except ExceptionType as e: ...
    • Raising Exceptions: Manually raise an exception.
      • raise ExceptionType("Error message")
    • Custom Exceptions: Define and raise custom exceptions.
      • class MyException(Exception): pass

    File Input/Output

    • Reading Files:
      • open() function: file = open('file.txt', 'r')
      • read() method: file.read()
    • Writing Files:
      • open() function: file = open('file.txt', 'w')
      • write() method: file.write('Hello, World!')
    • CSV and JSON Files:
      • csv module: import csv
      • json module: import json

    Web Development

    • Flask: Micro web framework.
      • Create app: from flask import Flask; app = Flask(__name__)
      • Define routes: @app.route('/')
    • Django: High-level web framework.
      • Create project: django-admin startproject myproject
      • Define models: from django.db import models
    • Templates: Separating presentation logic from application logic.
      • Template engines: Jinja2, Mustache
      • Template inheritance: extends keyword

    Data Structures

    • Lists are ordered collections of items that can be modified and contain duplicate values.
    • Lists can be created using square brackets [] and elements can be accessed using indexing.
    • Slicing allows retrieving a subset of a list using list[start:stop].

    Tuples

    • Tuples are ordered, immutable collections of items.
    • Tuples can be created using parentheses () and elements can be accessed using indexing.

    Dictionaries

    • Dictionaries are unordered collections of key-value pairs.
    • Dictionaries can be created using curly brackets {} and values can be accessed using keys.
    • Keys must be unique and immutable.

    Sets

    • Sets are unordered collections of unique items.
    • Sets can be created using curly brackets {} and can be manipulated using union, intersection, and difference operations.

    Object-Oriented Programming

    Classes

    • Classes are blueprints for creating objects.
    • Classes can be defined using the class keyword.
    • Classes can have attributes and methods.

    Objects

    • Objects are instances of classes.
    • Objects can have attributes and methods.
    • Attributes can be accessed using dot notation.
    • Methods can be called using dot notation.

    Inheritance

    • Inheritance is a mechanism for creating a new class from an existing class.
    • Single inheritance allows a class to inherit from one parent class.
    • Multiple inheritance allows a class to inherit from multiple parent classes.

    Exception Handling

    Try-Except Blocks

    • Try-except blocks are used to catch and handle exceptions.
    • The try block contains code that may raise an exception.
    • The except block contains code that handles the exception.

    Raising Exceptions

    • Exceptions can be manually raised using the raise keyword.
    • Exceptions can be raised with a custom error message.

    Custom Exceptions

    • Custom exceptions can be defined by creating a new class that inherits from the Exception class.
    • Custom exceptions can be raised using the raise keyword.

    File Input/Output

    Reading Files

    • Files can be read using the open() function in read mode ('r').
    • The read() method can be used to read the contents of a file.

    Writing Files

    • Files can be written using the open() function in write mode ('w').
    • The write() method can be used to write to a file.

    CSV and JSON Files

    • The csv module can be used to read and write CSV files.
    • The json module can be used to read and write JSON files.

    Web Development

    Flask

    • Flask is a micro web framework.
    • A Flask app can be created using the Flask class.
    • Routes can be defined using the @app.route() decorator.

    Django

    • Django is a high-level web framework.
    • A Django project can be created using the django-admin command.
    • Models can be defined using the models module.

    Templates

    • Templates are used to separate presentation logic from application logic.
    • Template engines such as Jinja2 and Mustache can be used to render templates.
    • Template inheritance can be used to extend templates using the extends keyword.

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    Description

    This quiz covers the basics of data structures in Python, including lists, tuples, and dictionaries. Learn how to create, index, and manipulate these data structures.

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