11 Questions
Which cytokine is responsible for promoting T cell proliferation and differentiation into effector and memory T cells?
Interleukin-6
Which cytokine induces IFN-γ production from NK and T cells, stimulates the development of Th1 cells, and enhances cytotoxic activity?
Interleukin-6
Which cytokine is pro-inflammatory, increases vascular permeability, and can lead to shock in systemic inflammation?
Interleukin-1β
Which cytokine has immunoregulatory functions, inhibiting immune cell proliferation and activation, and playing a role in tissue repair and fibrosis?
Interferon-γ
Which cytokine activates macrophages, enhances MHC expression and antigen presentation, and has antiviral effects?
Interleukin-12
Which chemokine binds to CCR7 on naïve T cells, facilitating their migration to lymph nodes?
Interleukin-1β
Which cytokine is responsible for stimulating acute phase protein synthesis, fever, and B cell maturation to antibodies?
Interleukin-12 (IL-12)
Which cytokine has the function of increasing vascular permeability, fever induction, and activating endothelial cells?
Interleukin-2 (IL-2)
Which cytokine is involved in promoting T cell proliferation and differentiation into effector and memory T cells?
Interleukin-12 (IL-12)
Which cytokine is pro-inflammatory, increases vascular permeability, stimulates cytokine production, and can lead to shock in systemic inflammation?
Interferon- (IFN-)
Which cytokine activates macrophages, enhances MHC expression and antigen presentation, and has antiviral effects?
Tumor Necrosis Factor- (TNF-)
Study Notes
Cytokines
- Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) is produced by macrophages and has pro-inflammatory effects, increasing vascular permeability, inducing fever, and activating endothelial cells.
- Interleukin-2 (IL-2) is produced by activated T cells and promotes T cell proliferation and differentiation into effector and memory T cells.
- Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is produced by macrophages and T cells, stimulating acute phase protein synthesis, fever, and B cell maturation to antibodies.
- Interleukin-12 (IL-12) is produced by dendritic cells and macrophages, inducing IFN-γ production from NK and T cells, and stimulating the development of Th1 cells and enhancing cytotoxic activity.
Pro-inflammatory Cytokines
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-α (TNF-α) is produced by macrophages and has pro-inflammatory effects, increasing vascular permeability, stimulating cytokine production, and potentially leading to shock in systemic inflammation.
Anti-viral and Immunoregulatory Cytokines
- Interferon-γ (IFN-γ) is produced by NK cells and T cells, activating macrophages, enhancing MHC expression and antigen presentation, and having antiviral effects.
- Transforming Growth Factor-β (TGF-β) is produced by multiple cell types including macrophages and T cells, and plays an immunoregulatory role, inhibiting immune cell proliferation and activation, and being important in tissue repair and fibrosis.
Chemokines
- CCL21 is produced by endothelial cells and stromal cells, binding to CCR7 on naïve T cells, and facilitating their migration to lymph nodes.
Test your knowledge on the functions of cytokines such as Interleukin-1β, Interleukin-2, Interleukin-6, and Interleukin-12. Learn about their sources and roles in the immune system.
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