Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which cytokine is responsible for promoting T cell proliferation and differentiation into effector and memory T cells?
Which cytokine is responsible for promoting T cell proliferation and differentiation into effector and memory T cells?
- Interleukin-2 (correct)
- Interleukin-1β
- Interleukin-6
- Interleukin-12
What is the function of Interferon-γ (IFN-γ) in the immune system?
What is the function of Interferon-γ (IFN-γ) in the immune system?
- Activates macrophages and enhances MHC expression (correct)
- Stimulates acute phase protein synthesis
- Induces IFN-γ production from NK and T cells
- Promotes B cell maturation to antibodies
Which cytokine can lead to shock in systemic inflammation due to its pro-inflammatory effects?
Which cytokine can lead to shock in systemic inflammation due to its pro-inflammatory effects?
- Interleukin-12
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-α (TNF-α) (correct)
- Interleukin-1β
- Transforming Growth Factor-β (TGF-β)
What is the primary function of Transforming Growth Factor-β (TGF-β) in the immune system?
What is the primary function of Transforming Growth Factor-β (TGF-β) in the immune system?
Which chemokine binds to CCR7 on naïve T cells, facilitating their migration to lymph nodes?
Which chemokine binds to CCR7 on naïve T cells, facilitating their migration to lymph nodes?
What is the main function of Cytokine Interleukin-6 (IL-6) in the immune response?
What is the main function of Cytokine Interleukin-6 (IL-6) in the immune response?
Which cytokine is responsible for inducing IFN-γ production from NK and T cells?
Which cytokine is responsible for inducing IFN-γ production from NK and T cells?
What effect does Tumor Necrosis Factor-α (TNF-α) have on cytokine production?
What effect does Tumor Necrosis Factor-α (TNF-α) have on cytokine production?
Which cytokine activates macrophages and enhances MHC expression and antigen presentation?
Which cytokine activates macrophages and enhances MHC expression and antigen presentation?
What is the primary function of Chemokine CCL21?
What is the primary function of Chemokine CCL21?
Which cytokine is primarily responsible for increasing vascular permeability and activating endothelial cells?
Which cytokine is primarily responsible for increasing vascular permeability and activating endothelial cells?
Which chemokine binds to CCR7 on naïve T cells, facilitating their migration to lymph nodes?
Which chemokine binds to CCR7 on naïve T cells, facilitating their migration to lymph nodes?
What is the main function of Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in the immune response?
What is the main function of Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in the immune response?
Which cytokine is produced by dendritic cells and macrophages, and enhances cytotoxic activity?
Which cytokine is produced by dendritic cells and macrophages, and enhances cytotoxic activity?
What is the primary function of Interleukin-6 (IL-6) in the immune system?
What is the primary function of Interleukin-6 (IL-6) in the immune system?
Which cytokine is responsible for inhibiting immune cell proliferation and activation, and is crucial for tissue repair?
Which cytokine is responsible for inhibiting immune cell proliferation and activation, and is crucial for tissue repair?
What function does Interferon-γ (IFN-γ) primarily have in the immune system?
What function does Interferon-γ (IFN-γ) primarily have in the immune system?
Which cytokine is mainly responsible for fever induction and acute phase protein synthesis?
Which cytokine is mainly responsible for fever induction and acute phase protein synthesis?
What is the primary function of Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) in the immune system?
What is the primary function of Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) in the immune system?
Which cytokine is crucial for promoting the proliferation and differentiation of T cells into effector and memory T cells?
Which cytokine is crucial for promoting the proliferation and differentiation of T cells into effector and memory T cells?
Study Notes
Cytokines
- Interleukin-1β (IL-1β): Produced by macrophages, pro-inflammatory, increases vascular permeability, induces fever, and activates endothelial cells.
- Interleukin-2 (IL-2): Produced by activated T cells, promotes T cell proliferation and differentiation into effector and memory T cells.
- Interleukin-6 (IL-6): Produced by macrophages and T cells, stimulates acute phase protein synthesis, fever, and B cell maturation to antibodies.
- Interleukin-12 (IL-12): Produced by dendritic cells and macrophages, induces IFN-γ production from NK and T cells, stimulates the development of Th1 cells, and enhances cytotoxic activity.
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-α (TNF-α): Produced by macrophages, pro-inflammatory, increases vascular permeability, stimulates cytokine production, and can lead to shock in systemic inflammation.
- Interferon-γ (IFN-γ): Produced by NK cells and T cells, activates macrophages, enhances MHC expression and antigen presentation, and has antiviral effects.
- Transforming Growth Factor-β (TGF-β): Produced by multiple cell types including macrophages and T cells, immunoregulatory, inhibits immune cell proliferation and activation, and is important in tissue repair and fibrosis.
Chemokines
- CCL21: Produced by endothelial cells and stromal cells, binds to CCR7 on naïve T cells, facilitating their migration to lymph nodes.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the functions of cytokines such as interleukin-1β, interleukin-2, interleukin-6, and interleukin-12 in the immune system. Understand their sources and roles in inflammation, T cell proliferation, acute phase protein synthesis, and more.
