20 Questions
Which cytokine is responsible for promoting T cell proliferation and differentiation into effector and memory T cells?
Interleukin-2
What is the function of Interferon-γ (IFN-γ) in the immune system?
Activates macrophages and enhances MHC expression
Which cytokine can lead to shock in systemic inflammation due to its pro-inflammatory effects?
Tumor Necrosis Factor-α (TNF-α)
What is the primary function of Transforming Growth Factor-β (TGF-β) in the immune system?
Inhibits immune cell proliferation and activation
Which chemokine binds to CCR7 on naïve T cells, facilitating their migration to lymph nodes?
CCL21
What is the main function of Cytokine Interleukin-6 (IL-6) in the immune response?
Stimulates acute phase protein synthesis
Which cytokine is responsible for inducing IFN-γ production from NK and T cells?
Interleukin-12
What effect does Tumor Necrosis Factor-α (TNF-α) have on cytokine production?
Stimulates cytokine production
Which cytokine activates macrophages and enhances MHC expression and antigen presentation?
Interferon-γ(IFN-γ)
What is the primary function of Chemokine CCL21?
Facilitates the migration of naïve T cells to lymph nodes
Which cytokine is primarily responsible for increasing vascular permeability and activating endothelial cells?
Tumor Necrosis Factor-α (TNF-α)
Which chemokine binds to CCR7 on naïve T cells, facilitating their migration to lymph nodes?
CCL21
What is the main function of Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in the immune response?
Increases vascular permeability
Which cytokine is produced by dendritic cells and macrophages, and enhances cytotoxic activity?
Interleukin-12 (IL-12)
What is the primary function of Interleukin-6 (IL-6) in the immune system?
Stimulates acute phase protein synthesis
Which cytokine is responsible for inhibiting immune cell proliferation and activation, and is crucial for tissue repair?
TGF-β
What function does Interferon-γ (IFN-γ) primarily have in the immune system?
Activates macrophages
Which cytokine is mainly responsible for fever induction and acute phase protein synthesis?
IL-6
What is the primary function of Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) in the immune system?
Increases vascular permeability
Which cytokine is crucial for promoting the proliferation and differentiation of T cells into effector and memory T cells?
Interleukin-2 (IL-2)
Study Notes
Cytokines
- Interleukin-1β (IL-1β): Produced by macrophages, pro-inflammatory, increases vascular permeability, induces fever, and activates endothelial cells.
- Interleukin-2 (IL-2): Produced by activated T cells, promotes T cell proliferation and differentiation into effector and memory T cells.
- Interleukin-6 (IL-6): Produced by macrophages and T cells, stimulates acute phase protein synthesis, fever, and B cell maturation to antibodies.
- Interleukin-12 (IL-12): Produced by dendritic cells and macrophages, induces IFN-γ production from NK and T cells, stimulates the development of Th1 cells, and enhances cytotoxic activity.
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-α (TNF-α): Produced by macrophages, pro-inflammatory, increases vascular permeability, stimulates cytokine production, and can lead to shock in systemic inflammation.
- Interferon-γ (IFN-γ): Produced by NK cells and T cells, activates macrophages, enhances MHC expression and antigen presentation, and has antiviral effects.
- Transforming Growth Factor-β (TGF-β): Produced by multiple cell types including macrophages and T cells, immunoregulatory, inhibits immune cell proliferation and activation, and is important in tissue repair and fibrosis.
Chemokines
- CCL21: Produced by endothelial cells and stromal cells, binds to CCR7 on naïve T cells, facilitating their migration to lymph nodes.
Test your knowledge on the functions of cytokines such as interleukin-1β, interleukin-2, interleukin-6, and interleukin-12 in the immune system. Understand their sources and roles in inflammation, T cell proliferation, acute phase protein synthesis, and more.
Make Your Own Quizzes and Flashcards
Convert your notes into interactive study material.
Get started for free
