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Questions and Answers
O fator de crescimento epidérmico (EGF) é um exemplo de fator de crescimento que está envolvido na proliferação e diferenciação de células imunes.
True
A interleucina 3 (IL-3) é uma citocina que interfere na replicação viral.
False
O TNF-beta é um exemplo de fator de necrose tumoral (TNF).
True
A quimiocina CCL2 é um exemplo de interleucina.
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O G-CSF é um exemplo de fator de crescimento.
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A IL-10 é um exemplo de fator de necrose tumoral (TNF).
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Quais citocinas promovem a inflamação e recrutam células imunes para o local da infecção?
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Que célula imune é ativada pela citocina para promover a apresentação de antígenos?
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Qual é o papel das citocinas na coordenação da resposta imune?
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Que consequência pode ocorrer em caso de desequilíbrio na produção de citocinas?
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Quais células imunes produzem citocinas em resposta à presença de patógenos?
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Qual é o papel das citocinas pró-inflamatórias na resposta imune?
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Study Notes
Cytokines
Cytokines are signaling molecules that allow immune cells to communicate with each other and coordinate an immune response.
Types of Cytokines
1. Interferons (IFN)
- Produced in response to viral infections
- Interfere with viral replication
- Activate immune cells, such as natural killer cells and macrophages
2. Interleukins (IL)
- Produced by leukocytes (white blood cells)
- Involved in activation and proliferation of immune cells
- Examples: IL-1, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6
3. Tumor Necrosis Factors (TNF)
- Produced by macrophages and T cells
- Involved in inflammation and apoptosis (cell death)
- Examples: TNF-alpha, TNF-beta
4. Chemokines
- Involved in chemotaxis (cell migration)
- Attract immune cells to sites of inflammation
- Examples: CCL2, CCL5, CXCL8
5. Colony-Stimulating Factors (CSF)
- Involved in proliferation and differentiation of immune cells
- Examples: G-CSF, M-CSF, GM-CSF
6. Growth Factors
- Involved in growth and differentiation of immune cells
- Examples: EGF, FGF, PDGF
7. Cytokine Inhibitors
- Produced to regulate cytokine activity
- Examples: IL-10, TGF-beta
Note: These categories are not mutually exclusive, and some cytokines can have multiple functions.
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Description
Learn about the different types of cytokines, their functions, and roles in the immune response. From interferons to growth factors, understand how cytokines interact with immune cells and coordinate an immune response.
