Interleukin Quiz and Flashcards on Cytokines

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of cytokines?

Relatively small proteins with a molecular mass less than 30 kDa

Have a molecular mass greater than 30 kDa (correct)

Belong to one of six groups, including the Interleukin 1 (IL-1) family

Often glycosylated, which contributes to cytokine stability

Which family of cytokines is responsible for promoting proinflammatory signals?

Interleukin 17 (IL-17) family

Interferon (Class II cytokine) family

Interleukin 1 (IL-1) family (correct)

Hematopoietin (Class I cytokine) family

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the Interleukin 1 (IL-1) family of cytokines?

Generally anti-inflammatory, inducing a decrease in capillary permeability and leukocyte migration (correct)

Contribute to the amplification of the inflammatory response

Stimulated by recognition of viral, parasitic, or bacterial antigens by innate immune receptors

Secreted very early in the immune response by dendritic cells and monocytes or macrophages

Which of the six families of cytokines is known to be involved in the regulation of hematopoiesis?

Hematopoietin (Class I cytokine) family Signup and view all the answers

Which family of cytokines is responsible for antiviral and antiproliferative effects?

Interferon (Class II cytokine) family Signup and view all the answers

Which cytokine family is primarily involved in the recruitment and activation of leukocytes during an inflammatory response?

Chemokine family Signup and view all the answers

What do chemokines primarily do?

Induce T cells movement towards antigen-presenting cells Signup and view all the answers

What was the significant activity of cytokines first recognized in the mid-1960s?

Regulation of immune system cell functions Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of Mitogens as described in the text?

Inducing cell division Signup and view all the answers

What technology allowed for the production of artificially generated T-cell tumors that constitutively produced IL-2?

Hybridoma technology Signup and view all the answers

What did gene cloning techniques in the 1970s and 1980s make possible?

Expression of proteins from cloned genes in bacteria or yeast cells Signup and view all the answers

How did researchers identify cell lines dependent on specific cytokines?

By providing pure cytokine preparations and detecting growth dependencies Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of chemokines?

To mobilize immune cells from one location to another Signup and view all the answers

What cellular process do chemokines influence to mobilize immune cells?

Cytoskeleton assembly and disassembly Signup and view all the answers

What is the reason behind the naming of interleukins?

They communicate between leukocytes Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT an example of an interleukin?

Tumor Necrosis Factor Signup and view all the answers

Which immune cell type secretes Interleukin 1 (IL-1)?

Macrophages Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of cytokines in general?

To regulate the immune response Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Cytokines and Chemokines

Cytokines can signal immune cells to increase or decrease enzyme activity, change their transcriptional program, and alter their effector functions.
They can also instruct cells when to survive and when to die.

Interleukins

Interleukins are cytokines that communicate between white blood cells (leukocytes).
Examples: Interleukin 1 (IL-1) secreted by macrophages, Interleukin 2 (IL-2) secreted by activated T cells.

Chemokines

Chemokines are a subpopulation of cytokines that mobilize immune cells from one organ to another.
They belong to the class of molecules called chemoattractants, which attract cells by influencing cytoskeleton proteins and cell-surface adhesion molecules.
Chemokines attract cells with the appropriate chemokine receptors to regions with the highest chemokine concentration.

Cytokine Families

Cytokines belong to one of six families: Interleukin 1 (IL-1), Hematopoietin (Class I), Interferon (Class II), Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF), Interleukin 17 (IL-17), and Chemokine families.
Cytokines are relatively small proteins with a molecular mass of less than 30 kDa, and many are glycosylated.

IL-1 Family

Cytokines of the IL-1 family promote proinflammatory signals.
They are typically secreted by dendritic cells and monocytes/macrophages in response to viral, parasitic, or bacterial antigens.
IL-1 family members induce an increase in capillary permeability and amplify leukocyte migration into infected tissues.

General Properties of Cytokines and Chemokines

Cytokines were first recognized in the mid-1960s as soluble factors regulating proliferation, differentiation, and maturation of immune system cells.
Hybridoma technology and gene cloning techniques enabled the production of pure cytokines and identification of cell lines dependent on particular cytokines.

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Description

This quiz covers the role of cytokines in signaling immune cells, influencing enzyme activity and transcriptional programs, and regulating cell survival. Learn about the classification of cytokines as Interleukins and their communication between white blood cells.