30 Questions
Which of the following is NOT a function of type I interferons?
Blocking the production of IL-12
What is the primary function of the innate immune response?
To recruit effector cells to the area of infection.
What is the main role of IL-12 in the adaptive immune response?
Promoting the production of IFN-γ by natural killer cells
What is the role of cytokines in the immune response?
Cytokines are induced during the process of immune activation and regulate leukocyte activity.
What are the three criteria that must be satisfied for a cytokine to be classified as an interleukin?
The cytokine must be induced in leukocytes, have its biological activities in inflammatory processes catalogued, and have its gene cloned.
Which of the following is a clinical use of IFN-α?
Treatment of Kaposi's sarcoma
How are cytokines named?
Cytokines are named based on the types of cells from which they were first isolated.
Which of the following is a key function of Th2 cells in the adaptive immune response?
Inducing oral tolerance to bacteria
Which of the following is a key function of Treg cells in the adaptive immune response?
Suppressing immune responses to self-antigens and maintaining tolerance
What is the relationship between cytokines and the innate immune response?
Cytokines are induced during the innate immune response and regulate leukocyte activity, leading to the elimination of the infection.
Which of the following cytokines is primarily secreted by T helper (Th) cells in the adaptive immune response?
IL-12
How does the innate immune response differ from the adaptive immune response?
The innate immune response is nonspecific and occurs within hours of first contact with microorganisms, while the adaptive immune response is specific and takes longer to develop.
What is the primary function of Interleukin-10 (IL-10)?
To inhibit the production of IFN-γ by suppressing IL-12 synthesis
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of T regulatory (Treg) cells?
They stimulate antigen presentation by dendritic cells
Which of the following is a key function of T regulatory (Treg) cells?
Establishing tolerance to transplant antigens
Which of the following cell types produces Interleukin-10 (IL-10)?
Monocytes, macrophages, CD8+ T cells, and Th2 CD4+ T cells
Which of the following is a primary function of Interleukin-10 (IL-10)?
To inhibit antigen presentation by macrophages and dendritic cells
Which of the following is a key role of T regulatory (Treg) cells?
To establish tolerance to a wide variety of self-antigens, allergens, and infectious agents
What is responsible for almost all the systemic activity of interleukin-1?
Interleukin 1- β
Which interleukin is released only upon cell death to attract inflammatory cells to the site of injury?
Interleukin 1- α
What is the function of Interleukin 1-RA (Receptor Antagonist)?
Regulates the response to interleukin 1
Which cytokine induces the production of colony stimulating factors in the bone marrow?
Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha
What is the primary source of Interleukin-6 production?
Lymphoid cell types
Which cytokine is involved in inducing the production of chemokines and IL-6, aiding leukocytes' entry into inflamed areas?
Interleukin-1
Which of the following statements about Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is correct?
IL-6 plays a role in acute phase reactions and adaptive immune response.
What is the primary trigger for the production of Tumor Necrosis Factor-α (TNF-α)?
The presence of lipopolysaccharide.
Which statement about the soluble form of TNF-α is correct?
It is derived from the membrane-bound form by proteolytic cleavage.
Which of the following statements about the membrane-bound form of TNF-α is true?
It mediates cytotoxic and inflammatory effects through cell-to-cell contact.
What is one of the effects of TNF-α secreted by activated monocytes and macrophages?
It induces the expression of MHC class II molecules, vascular adhesion molecules, and chemokines.
What can happen when TNF-α is secreted at higher levels?
It can have deleterious systemic effects, leading to septic shock.
This quiz covers the role of cytokines in immune activation, how they regulate leukocyte activity, and their involvement in eliminating infections. It also explores interleukins, a group of unrelated cytokines that play a key role in the immune response.
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