Culture of Honor and Aggression

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is NOT a factor that influences aggression?

Cues

Culture

Social Media Exposure (correct)

Emotions

What type of aggression is primarily driven by anger or feelings of insult?

Instrumental aggression

Hostile aggression (correct)

Social aggression

Reactive aggression

What is the primary goal of autonomy-oriented help?

To enhance independent problem-solving skills (correct)

To solve problems for the individual completely

To provide emotional comfort

To diminish the individual's self-efficacy

Which of the following statements about aggressive behavior is true?

Aggression can be both instrumental and hostile. Signup and view all the answers

Which strategy is suggested for reducing aggression?

Creating better social norms Signup and view all the answers

Which strategy can effectively reduce aggressive behavior according to the discussed content?

Promoting norms of non-aggression Signup and view all the answers

What was a key finding from Bushman's 2002 study on venting and aggression?

Venting by punching a bag increases aggression when combined with rumination Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT considered an effective aggression minimizing strategy?

Encouragement of rapid anger expression Signup and view all the answers

What factor is identified as influencing aggression according to the overview?

Cues Signup and view all the answers

Which method can help delay aggressive impulses?

Relaxation techniques Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is NOT mentioned as influencing aggression?

Conflict resolution strategies Signup and view all the answers

The frustration-aggression hypothesis suggests that aggression is triggered primarily by which of the following?

Feelings of anger and irritation Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect of the environment is associated with activating aggressive thoughts?

Cues related to aggression Signup and view all the answers

What does the General Aggression Model (GAM) include as a trigger for aggressive thoughts?

Physiological arousal Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is expected to increase the likelihood of aggressive impulses being acted upon?

Arousal and alcohol consumption Signup and view all the answers

Exposure to which type of media has been linked to increased accessibility of aggressive thoughts?

Violent video games Signup and view all the answers

In cultures of honour, what is the primary reason men feel pressured to respond aggressively?

To enforce rights and protect possessions Signup and view all the answers

Which personality trait is associated with increased levels of aggression according to the General Aggression Model?

Low agreeableness Signup and view all the answers

What behavior is likely when someone experiences frustration according to the frustration-aggression hypothesis?

Heightened aggressive behavior Signup and view all the answers

Under what circumstance can initial aggressive tendencies be overridden?

Through deep cognitive processing Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Culture of Honor

Men are expected to be tough, loyal and ready to fight.
They respond to insult and threats of material loss with aggression.
Enforce one's rights and protect family, home and possessions.
These reputations serve as deterrents.
Particularly likely in places where institutions (e.g., police, government) are weak or ineffective.

Southern United States and Honor Culture

Cohen, Nisbett, Bowdle & Schwarz (1996) studied insult and aggression in the culture of honor.
A staged insult (bump and "asshole") was used to trigger aggression.

Frustration-Aggression Hypothesis

Frustration, the blocking of an important goal, can lead to aggression.
Frustration-aggression hypothesis (Dollard et al., 1939): Frustration inevitably triggers aggression.
Berkowitz (1989) refined this hypothesis: Negative feelings or arousal (e.g., anger, irritation) resulting from frustration are key to aggressive behavior.

Cues to Aggression

Environmental factors linked to aggression can activate thoughts of aggression.
Weapons effect (Anderson, Benjamin & Bartholow, 1998): Weapons can act as cues to aggression.

Aggressive models: Exposure to violent role models increases aggression.
Video games and violence (Anderson & Dill, 2000): Playing violent video games increases the accessibility of aggressive thoughts, which in turn increases aggressive behavior.

Superficial and Deep Processing

Initial, automatic aggressive tendencies can be overcome by deeper processing.
Factors that impair deep processing increase the likelihood of aggressive impulses turning into action.
These include: Arousal, time pressure, alcohol (Taylor, Gammon & Capasso, 1976)

General Aggression Model

Anderson & Bushman (2002) developed the General Aggression Model.
This model proposes a complex interaction of individual, situational, and cognitive factors that influence aggression.
Factors like neuroticism, low agreeableness, and situational cues play a role.
This leads to aggressive thoughts, physiological arousal, and ultimately an aggressive behavior.

Reducing Aggression

Catharsis/venting: The idea that expressing aggressive impulses can reduce aggression is false.
Bushman (2002) found that venting aggression actually increases aggressive behavior, especially when accompanied by rumination.
Effective strategies for reducing aggression include promoting norms of non-aggression, minimizing cues, cognitive re-appraisal, increasing empathy, and delaying, distracting, relaxing, or finding incompatible responses.

Helping

Need, accessibility, identifiability, teachable, norms, time, aggression all play a role in helping behavior.
Egoism: helping motivated by self-interest.
Altruism: helping motivated by concern for others.

Increasing Helping

Reduce ambiguity of the situation.
Teach and activate prosocial norms.
Infuse responsibility rather than diffusing it.
Promote identification with those who need help.

Receiving Help

Dependency-oriented help: Provides a full solution but limits future problem-solving skills.
Autonomy-related help: Enables independent problem solving.
Recipients prefer autonomy-related help, however, dependency-related help can sometimes be better (Alvarez & Van Leeuwen, 2011).

Aggression as Harming

Aggression: Behavior intended to harm someone else.
Instrumental aggression: Aggression used as a means to an end.
Hostile aggression: Aggression driven by anger.

Who Aggresses?

Men are more likely to aggress than women, although there are complexities in this phenomenon.

Cultural Influences on Aggression

Cultures of honor can contribute to higher levels of aggression.

Overview

Aggression is influenced by a complex interplay of factors such as culture, emotions, environmental cues, and social learning.
Reducing aggression involves strategies like promoting prosocial norms, minimizing cues to aggression, fostering empathy, and teaching self-regulation skills.
Helping behavior is influenced by various factors, and autonomy-related help is often preferred but can be less effective in some situations.
To understand aggression and helping, we need to consider both individual and situational factors.

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Description

Explore the dynamics of honor culture and its impact on aggression, particularly in the Southern United States. This quiz delves into the Frustration-Aggression Hypothesis and how environmental factors and societal expectations shape aggressive responses. Test your knowledge on the psychological and cultural aspects of this phenomenon.