Culture of Honor and Aggression
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Culture of Honor and Aggression

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is NOT a factor that influences aggression?

  • Cues
  • Culture
  • Social Media Exposure (correct)
  • Emotions
  • What type of aggression is primarily driven by anger or feelings of insult?

  • Instrumental aggression
  • Hostile aggression (correct)
  • Social aggression
  • Reactive aggression
  • What is the primary goal of autonomy-oriented help?

  • To enhance independent problem-solving skills (correct)
  • To solve problems for the individual completely
  • To provide emotional comfort
  • To diminish the individual's self-efficacy
  • Which of the following statements about aggressive behavior is true?

    <p>Aggression can be both instrumental and hostile.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which strategy is suggested for reducing aggression?

    <p>Creating better social norms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which strategy can effectively reduce aggressive behavior according to the discussed content?

    <p>Promoting norms of non-aggression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a key finding from Bushman's 2002 study on venting and aggression?

    <p>Venting by punching a bag increases aggression when combined with rumination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT considered an effective aggression minimizing strategy?

    <p>Encouragement of rapid anger expression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factor is identified as influencing aggression according to the overview?

    <p>Cues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method can help delay aggressive impulses?

    <p>Relaxation techniques</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor is NOT mentioned as influencing aggression?

    <p>Conflict resolution strategies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The frustration-aggression hypothesis suggests that aggression is triggered primarily by which of the following?

    <p>Feelings of anger and irritation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which aspect of the environment is associated with activating aggressive thoughts?

    <p>Cues related to aggression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the General Aggression Model (GAM) include as a trigger for aggressive thoughts?

    <p>Physiological arousal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is expected to increase the likelihood of aggressive impulses being acted upon?

    <p>Arousal and alcohol consumption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Exposure to which type of media has been linked to increased accessibility of aggressive thoughts?

    <p>Violent video games</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In cultures of honour, what is the primary reason men feel pressured to respond aggressively?

    <p>To enforce rights and protect possessions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which personality trait is associated with increased levels of aggression according to the General Aggression Model?

    <p>Low agreeableness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What behavior is likely when someone experiences frustration according to the frustration-aggression hypothesis?

    <p>Heightened aggressive behavior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Under what circumstance can initial aggressive tendencies be overridden?

    <p>Through deep cognitive processing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Culture of Honor

    • Men are expected to be tough, loyal and ready to fight.
    • They respond to insult and threats of material loss with aggression.
    • Enforce one's rights and protect family, home and possessions.
    • These reputations serve as deterrents.
    • Particularly likely in places where institutions (e.g., police, government) are weak or ineffective.

    Southern United States and Honor Culture

    • Cohen, Nisbett, Bowdle & Schwarz (1996) studied insult and aggression in the culture of honor.
    • A staged insult (bump and "asshole") was used to trigger aggression.

    Frustration-Aggression Hypothesis

    • Frustration, the blocking of an important goal, can lead to aggression.
    • Frustration-aggression hypothesis (Dollard et al., 1939): Frustration inevitably triggers aggression.
    • Berkowitz (1989) refined this hypothesis: Negative feelings or arousal (e.g., anger, irritation) resulting from frustration are key to aggressive behavior.

    Cues to Aggression

    • Environmental factors linked to aggression can activate thoughts of aggression.
    • Weapons effect (Anderson, Benjamin & Bartholow, 1998): Weapons can act as cues to aggression.

    Social Learning

    • Aggressive models: Exposure to violent role models increases aggression.
    • Video games and violence (Anderson & Dill, 2000): Playing violent video games increases the accessibility of aggressive thoughts, which in turn increases aggressive behavior.

    Superficial and Deep Processing

    • Initial, automatic aggressive tendencies can be overcome by deeper processing.
    • Factors that impair deep processing increase the likelihood of aggressive impulses turning into action.
    • These include: Arousal, time pressure, alcohol (Taylor, Gammon & Capasso, 1976)

    General Aggression Model

    • Anderson & Bushman (2002) developed the General Aggression Model.
    • This model proposes a complex interaction of individual, situational, and cognitive factors that influence aggression.
    • Factors like neuroticism, low agreeableness, and situational cues play a role.
    • This leads to aggressive thoughts, physiological arousal, and ultimately an aggressive behavior.

    Reducing Aggression

    • Catharsis/venting: The idea that expressing aggressive impulses can reduce aggression is false.
    • Bushman (2002) found that venting aggression actually increases aggressive behavior, especially when accompanied by rumination.
    • Effective strategies for reducing aggression include promoting norms of non-aggression, minimizing cues, cognitive re-appraisal, increasing empathy, and delaying, distracting, relaxing, or finding incompatible responses.

    Helping

    • Need, accessibility, identifiability, teachable, norms, time, aggression all play a role in helping behavior.
    • Egoism: helping motivated by self-interest.
    • Altruism: helping motivated by concern for others.

    Increasing Helping

    • Reduce ambiguity of the situation.
    • Teach and activate prosocial norms.
    • Infuse responsibility rather than diffusing it.
    • Promote identification with those who need help.

    Receiving Help

    • Dependency-oriented help: Provides a full solution but limits future problem-solving skills.
    • Autonomy-related help: Enables independent problem solving.
    • Recipients prefer autonomy-related help, however, dependency-related help can sometimes be better (Alvarez & Van Leeuwen, 2011).

    Aggression as Harming

    • Aggression: Behavior intended to harm someone else.
    • Instrumental aggression: Aggression used as a means to an end.
    • Hostile aggression: Aggression driven by anger.

    Who Aggresses?

    • Men are more likely to aggress than women, although there are complexities in this phenomenon.

    Cultural Influences on Aggression

    • Cultures of honor can contribute to higher levels of aggression.

    Overview

    • Aggression is influenced by a complex interplay of factors such as culture, emotions, environmental cues, and social learning.
    • Reducing aggression involves strategies like promoting prosocial norms, minimizing cues to aggression, fostering empathy, and teaching self-regulation skills.
    • Helping behavior is influenced by various factors, and autonomy-related help is often preferred but can be less effective in some situations.
    • To understand aggression and helping, we need to consider both individual and situational factors.

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    Description

    Explore the dynamics of honor culture and its impact on aggression, particularly in the Southern United States. This quiz delves into the Frustration-Aggression Hypothesis and how environmental factors and societal expectations shape aggressive responses. Test your knowledge on the psychological and cultural aspects of this phenomenon.

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