Questions and Answers
How does cultural transmission theory explain deviance?
Cultural transmission theory explains deviance as behavior that is learned through interaction with other people.
What is differential association?
Differential association is social relationships oriented towards particular types of people.
What are the two possible outcomes of socialization regarding norms?
Socialization teaches either respect for prevailing norms or contempt for them.
What factors contribute to becoming deviant rather than conformist according to cultural transmission theory?
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What does intensity refer to in the context of cultural transmission theory?
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Why is age important in the concept of socialization?
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How does the ratio of contacts influence deviance?
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What is one criticism of cultural transmission theory?
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What is another criticism related to social contacts and deviance?
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What is a positive aspect of cultural transmission theory?
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Study Notes
Cultural Transmission Theory Overview
- Cultural transmission theory posits that deviance is learned behavior, similar to conformity, occurring through interactions with others.
- Developed by Edwin Sutherland, the theory emphasizes social relationships that influence behavior patterns.
Differential Association
- Differential association refers to the tendency to form social relationships with individuals who engage in particular behaviors, including deviance.
- The focus of these associations guides individuals towards either conformist or deviant behaviors.
Socialization Dynamics
- Socialization either instills respect for societal norms or fosters contempt for them.
- The type of individuals one is socialized with significantly impacts one's perceptions and behavior towards norms.
Factors Influencing Deviance
- Cultural transmission theory identifies three key factors leading to deviance: age, intensity of contact, and the ratio of deviant to conformist contacts.
Intensity of Contact
- Intensity refers to the strength and closeness of relationships; individuals are more likely to adopt deviant behaviors from close friends and family rather than casual acquaintances.
Age Factor
- Age is crucial in susceptibility to deviant influences; children and adolescents are more impressionable, making them more likely to be swayed by their social environment.
Ratio of Contacts
- The ratio of deviant contacts to conformist ones influences the likelihood of adopting deviant behavior; a higher proportion of deviant contacts increases the chances of becoming deviant.
Limitations of the Theory
- The theory inadequately explains the initial classification of behaviors as deviant or how such classifications arise in a given culture.
- It fails to acknowledge that one can learn deviant behavior outside of a deviant social circle, indicating that exposure is not the sole determinant of deviance.
Learning Mechanism
- Cultural transmission highlights that deviance is acquired through the exchange of behaviors and norms within groups and individuals, emphasizing the learned aspect of deviance.
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Description
Explore the fundamental concepts of Cultural Transmission Theory with these flashcards. Learn how deviance is understood through social interactions, and discover key terms such as differential association. Perfect for students of sociology seeking to enhance their understanding of these essential topics.
