CUDOS Values and Science Challenges

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Questions and Answers

What does the CUDOS values stand for in the context of scientific norms?

Communalism, Universalism, Disinterestedness, Organized Skepticism (correct)

Cooperation, Understanding, Discovery, Observation, Sharing

Collectivism, Uniqueness, Documentation, Open-mindedness

Consortium, Unification, Development, Operational Standards

How do personal rivalries affect scientific research, according to the findings?

They foster collaboration between different laboratories.

They eliminate the need for theoretical premises.

They lead to biased research choices and unfair opportunities. (correct)

They encourage greater transparency in research funding.

What is said about the relationship between government expectations and scientific research?

Government funding is solely based on theoretical advances in science.

Scientists are increasingly expected to collaborate with companies for practical benefits. (correct)

There is a push for scientists to adhere strictly to traditional academic practices.

Governments prefer scientists to operate independently of commercial interests.

What does the author suggest about the true nature of scientific research today?

It often prioritizes commercial and military interests over communal sharing. Signup and view all the answers

Why might the CUDOS values not serve as a reliable measure of true science?

They do not account for the pervasive influence of personal and commercial interests. Signup and view all the answers

What was one crucial argument made by advocates of interdisciplinarity?

Different disciplines can lead to breakthroughs in addressing societal problems. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of cooperation between disciplines?

Genetics influenced by molecular chemistry. Signup and view all the answers

How do many universities still organize their research framework?

By offering separate degrees for each discipline. Signup and view all the answers

What is one challenge of interdisciplinary cooperation mentioned?

Consensus on what constitutes an interesting question. Signup and view all the answers

Why can establishing reliable knowledge in interdisciplinary fields be complicated?

Debates and disagreements can arise from varied disciplinary standards. Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of disciplines is still relevant despite calls for interdisciplinarity?

Discipline-specific societies, journals, and handbooks continue to be important. Signup and view all the answers

What is one reason advocates stress the importance of interdisciplinary approaches?

They believe disciplines often overlook social issues. Signup and view all the answers

How did cognitive sciences emerge according to the content?

From the collaboration between multiple disciplines. Signup and view all the answers

What does recent work suggest about the modes of operation in science?

They are complex and distinct from law or religion. Signup and view all the answers

What is one major disadvantage of attempting to unify all sciences under a single criterion?

It risks creating a gold standard that may not suit all research modalities. Signup and view all the answers

Why might relying solely on experimental physics as an epistemological ideal be problematic?

It could alienate other fields that do not fit this model. Signup and view all the answers

What recent trend has emerged in the hierarchy of sciences, according to the passage?

Biomedical research is regarded as a dominant template. Signup and view all the answers

What type of knowledge might be undervalued or discarded with strict demarcation criteria in science?

Practical knowledge rooted in personal experience. Signup and view all the answers

The push for unity in science is particularly important during situations like:

Religious intolerance and totalitarian regimes. Signup and view all the answers

What is a consequence of focusing heavily on one method of scientific inquiry?

It risks marginalizing diverse cognitive approaches in research. Signup and view all the answers

What is the overall theme regarding the nature of science presented in the passage?

Cognitive diversity is essential for a robust scientific inquiry. Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary concern regarding the recognition of local or experiential knowledge in scientific discussions?

It promotes the idea that all forms of knowledge are equally valid. Signup and view all the answers

What is one strong counter-argument against the reliance on insider expert knowledge?

It does not help in identifying which experts are legitimate. Signup and view all the answers

In which research area does the argument for specialist knowledge hold stronger validity according to Collins?

Detection of gravitational waves Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following issues demonstrates the complexity of defining problems related to expert knowledge?

The conservation of rare species versus habitats. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best captures the challenge of understanding climate change?

It has multiple interpretations including economic and ethical aspects. Signup and view all the answers

Why may the argument for specializing in expert knowledge fall short in certain contexts?

Certain topics lack defined problems. Signup and view all the answers

Which argument is used to defend insider expert knowledge?

Specialist knowledge provides clarity amidst confusion. Signup and view all the answers

What outcome could result from the equal validation of all knowledge sources?

Loss of rigorous assessment standards. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of the work by Collins and Evans published in 2002?

Studies of expertise and experience Signup and view all the answers

Which element is highlighted in 'Silent Spring' by Rachel Carson?

The need for environmental awareness Signup and view all the answers

What is the theme of Daston and Galison's 2007 work titled 'Objectivity'?

The nature of scientific knowledge and objectivity Signup and view all the answers

In which publication did Collins explore the dynamics of knowledge claims within and outside of science?

Rejecting Knowledge Claims Inside and Outside Science Signup and view all the answers

What significant aspect of environmental involvement is detailed in the work by Ellis and Waterton in 2004?

The role of volunteer naturalists Signup and view all the answers

What is the focus of Fagan's work titled 'Social Construction Revisited' published in 2010?

Epistemology and its implications for scientific practice Signup and view all the answers

What is a key topic explored in Epstein's 'Impure Science'?

The historical context of AIDS and activism Signup and view all the answers

Which concept is central to Gauchat's 2011 research on science's societal role?

Public acceptance and trust in organized science Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

CUDOS Values and Their Relevance

CUDOS stands for communalism, universalism, disinterestedness, originality, and skepticism, serving as norms for scientific conduct.
Recent critiques highlight a shift in science towards a business-like model that undermines these ideals.
Knowledge accessibility is often compromised due to publication priorities, laboratory rivalries, and personal or national interests.
Research funding and focus are increasingly driven by commercial and military interests rather than collaborative scientific inquiry.
True 'disinterestedness' is difficult to attain; removing all interests could significantly reduce available research.

Challenges of Defining Science

Attempts to create strict definitions of science risk oversimplifying its diverse nature, potentially disregarding valuable knowledge outside traditional frameworks.
Historical attempts at unity in science arose from threats to free inquiry, yet such standards may hinder cognitive diversity.
The dominance of experimental physics as the 'gold standard' has influenced other fields to conform to its methodologies.
Biomedical research currently serves as a dominant model, but its techniques may not suit all fields, undermining their unique contributions.

Importance of Interdisciplinarity

Interdisciplinary collaboration has led to significant breakthroughs, particularly in genetics and cognitive sciences.
There’s a necessity for diverse disciplines to address broader societal issues like urbanization and climate change effectively.
Despite the relevance of strict disciplines, the growth of interdisciplinary networks is notable, especially in environmental studies and science communication.

Fields and Specialties in Science

Scientists align with specific fields, fostering communities focused on shared research problems, methodologies, and theories.
Concerns arise regarding the potential dilution of expert knowledge when local or lay expertise is recognized equally with specialist knowledge.
Specialized knowledge may not provide clear answers to complex societal issues, leading to difficulties in identifying legitimate expertise among competing voices.
Diverse interpretations of problems, such as climate change, highlight the challenge of establishing consensus on issues requiring interdisciplinary solutions.

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Description

Explore the CUDOS values which guide scientific conduct and examine their relevance in today's research environment. This quiz highlights recent critiques of the shifting priorities in science, as well as the challenges in defining science and its diverse nature. Engage with thought-provoking questions that delve into the implications of commercialization in scientific inquiry.