CSC 1061: LinkList Data Structure
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Questions and Answers

What is the main advantage of linked lists over arrays?

  • Easier to implement
  • Non-contiguous memory allocation (correct)
  • Faster access times
  • Fixed size

    • Which structure allows for faster node erasure compared to a singly linked list?

  • Array list
  • Dynamic array
  • Singly linked list
  • Doubly linked list (correct)

    • In a doubly linked list, what does each node contain to support bidirectional traversal?

  • Data and memory size
  • Next and previous pointers (correct)
  • Only a previous pointer
  • Only a next pointer

    • What member functions are typically associated with a linked list for manipulating its elements?

    <p>Append and removeFirst</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of container is implemented as a doubly linked list in C++?

    <p>std::list</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What indicates that a LinkList is empty?

    <p>head is null</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the process of appending an element to a non-empty LinkList, what is the first action taken?

    <p>Allocate a new Node and set its data</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens in the removeFirst function if the LinkList only contains one item?

    <p>The head and tail are both set to nullptr</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the tail pointer in a LinkList?

    <p>To point to the last Node in the list</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What must you check before removing an item in the LINKLIST::REMOVE_BY_ITEM algorithm?

    <p>If the list is empty</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct action to take if the item to be removed is the first Node in the LinkList?

    <p>Call removeFirst</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When traversing a LinkList, which method is used to access the data of each Node?

    <p>Using a loop to follow pointers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a major drawback of using a doubly-linked list compared to a singly-linked list?

    <p>It requires more memory due to additional pointers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which characteristic best describes a node in a linked list?

    <p>It encapsulates a data item and a pointer to the next node.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why might a singly-linked list be preferred over a doubly-linked list in certain situations?

    <p>It is more memory-efficient.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between friend classes in C++?

    <p>A friend class can access private members of the class that considers it a friend.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement is true regarding the LinkList data structure?

    <p>It is a one-directional linear data structure of Nodes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when an item is added to a linked list?

    <p>A new node is dynamically allocated on the heap.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is true about the 'IS EMPTY' function for data structure containers?

    <p>All data structure containers start empty.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key limitation of the Node class in this context?

    <p>It does not support memory allocation or deallocation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    • LinkLists are a series of connected nodes.
    • Data in a LinkList is not stored in contiguous memory.
    • Flexible memory allows for faster insertion and better overall iteration.
    • LinkLists can be the basis for other containers like queues and stacks.
    • A node stores a data item and a pointer to the next node.

    Objectives

    • Design, implement, and test collection classes with underlying LinkLists for element storage.
    • Create and manipulate LinkLists using a node class.
    • Analyze problems solvable by LinkLists, and use alternatives like double-linked lists or dummy nodes where appropriate.
    • Understand trade-offs between dynamic arrays and LinkLists.
    • Grant LinkList access to Node's private members using a friend class.

    Agenda (Week 10)

    • Overview of LinkLists
    • Friend classes (access to another class's private/protected members)
    • std::List (doubly-linked lists for C++)
    • Node class and LinkList class
    • Constructor and isEmpty() methods
    • append, removeFirst, and free methods
    • LinkList traversal
    • RemoveByItem method
    • LinkList File IO member functions

    Preview: What Are Linked Structures?

    • Review the explanation of linked structures in the provided material.
    • Watch a YouTube tutorial on Linked Lists (e.g., by Slim Pickin's).
    • A LinkList is a series of connected nodes.
    • LinkLists store data in non-contiguous memory.
    • Flexible memory allows for fast insertion and improved iteration.
    • LinkLists can serve as the foundation for various data structures (queues and stacks).

    std::List (C++)

    • Implemented as doubly-linked lists.
    • Doubly linked lists store elements in nodes, each linked to the next and previous nodes.
    • Nodes store a data item and pointers to preceding and succeeding nodes.
    • Enables fast node erasure, faster end node access, and more flexible iteration.
    • Compared with single linked lists, doubly linked lists often require more memory.
    • Consider the memory cost when dealing with numerous nodes.
    • Primarily used for iterative traversal but can become inefficient with less frequent reverse traversal.
    • For situations without a need for backward iteration, single linked lists can be more suitable.
    • Iterates only forward
    • Visualize LinkList structure using external tools.

    Helper Class: Node

    • Node class encapsulates a data item and a pointer to the next Node.
    • It's essential for handling elements within the LinkList.
    • Not dynamic: Not responsible for memory allocation of dynamic memory.

    Friend Classes (C++)

    • A friend class gains access to private/protected members of another class.
    • Friendship isn't transitive; a friend's friend isn't automatically a friend.
    • Allows one class methods to interact with the other class's internal structure in specific ways.
    • The LinkList class is a single, one-directional, linear data structure.
    • Stores data through a container of Nodes.
    • Allocates Nodes on the heap at runtime.
    • Dynamically allocates and deallocates Nodes as items are added/removed.

    LinkList Constructor | isEmpty()

    • All data structure containers start empty.
    • The constructor initializes the head and tail pointers to nullptr.
    • Check if the list is empty by examining if the head pointer is nullptr.

    LinkList::Append (Empty)

    • Allocate a new Node and set its data.
    • Assign head and tail to the new node if the LinkList was initially empty.

    LinkList::Append (Not Empty)

    • Allocate a new Node and set its data.
    • For a non-empt LinkList, update the tail's 'next' pointer.
    • Assign the new Node to the tail.

    LinkList::RemoveFirst

    • Handle removing an item from an empty list (return).
    • Handle special scenario of the only item in the list, setting head and tail to nullptr.
    • Handle general scenarios for removing an element where there is more than one item in the list.
    • Remove the item and update pointers.

    LinkList::Free

    • Iterate through the list.
    • Remove and destroy each item using removeFirst ().

    Review: Traversing Through a Bag

    • Arrays, stored in contiguous memory, use an index to navigate between memory locations.
    • LinkLists are not stored in continuous memory so requires pointers to traverse elements.
    • Use a cursor (pointer) to traverse from the head to the end.
    • Follow the 'next' pointers to access each item in the LinkList in order.
    • Check if the list is empty, and return if it is.
    • If the item is the first item in the list, call removeFirst().
    • Else, iterate through the list to find the node with the item you want to remove.
    • Set a temporary pointer to the node to remove.
    • Move the previous node's pointer around the node to remove
    • Delete the node to remove. (Consider a node removal if it's on the tail.)
    • Find the node before the target node in the list.
    • Use a temporary pointer to preserve node to be deleted.
    • Update links to remove the target node.
    • Free the temporary pointer (deleted node).
    • Reading from a file doesn't modify data structures.
    • Use a loop and fileInput operator to append items from a file to a LinkList.
    • Write to file using a loop, the cursor, and the file output operator.

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    CSC 1061 Week 10 LinkList and Templates PDF

    Description

    This quiz covers the fundamentals of LinkLists, including their structure and implementation. You will learn to design and manipulate LinkLists, understand their advantages over dynamic arrays, and explore the use of friend classes in C++. Test your knowledge on creating collection classes using LinkLists.

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