CSC 1061: LinkList Data Structure and Templates
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary purpose of using templates in programming?

  • To make debugging easier
  • To make the code more readable
  • To improve compile time performance
  • To avoid code duplication for different data types (correct)

    • Which of the following is NOT one of the components of the rule of 3?

  • Copy Constructor
  • Destructor
  • Assignment Operator
  • Move Constructor (correct)

    • What does the term 'value semantics' refer to in the context of dynamic classes?

  • The ability to share data among several classes
  • The implementation of static variables
  • The use of references for passing data
  • Ensuring the integrity of data through copying mechanisms (correct)

    • What is a disadvantage of using templates in C++?

    <p>Compilers may produce confusing error messages</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of templates, what occurs at compile time?

    <p>Type checking is performed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are function templates primarily useful for?

    <p>Overloaded functions sharing the same definition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it necessary to implement the rule of 3 in dynamic classes?

    <p>To prevent memory leaks and ensure proper resource management</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about class templates is true?

    <p>They allow for the creation of generic data structures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential issue when all code is exposed in templates?

    <p>Risk of unintentional data leaks or modifications</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a link list specifically require to manage its elements effectively?

    <p>Both head and tail pointers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a disadvantage of using a recursive function?

    <p>They might lead to a stack overflow error without careful design.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a doubly linked list provide that a singly linked list does not?

    <p>Bidirectional traversal of nodes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of class templates, what does the 'T' symbol represent?

    <p>Template parameter placeholder.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which scenario is most suitable for using a linked list?

    <p>When the size of the data structure can change dynamically.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What part of a recursive function is responsible for bringing the problem closer to the base case?

    <p>The recursive step.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the Tail pointer in a linked list?

    <p>It facilitates direct access to the last node for efficient additions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which issue could result from improper pointer manipulation during node operations?

    <p>Dangling pointers that result in accessing invalid memory locations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a crucial operation to perform when a node is successfully deleted from a linked list?

    <p>Release the allocated memory using <code>delete</code>.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When implementing a linked list, why is handling empty lists important?

    <p>To avoid performing invalid operations that lead to runtime errors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of traversing a linked list?

    <p>To access and process each node's data sequentially.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    • Objectives: Design, implement, and test collection classes using linked lists to store elements. Ensure value semantics by implementing the Rule of 3 for dynamic classes. Convert Node and LinkList to generic template classes.
    • Agenda (Week 11): Template classes, Node and LinkList, Rule of 3 (Assignment operator, Copy Constructor, Destructor), and Recursion.
    • Review and Pre-Challenge: Review implementing an unordered LinkList, work through CodeLens examples, and complete multiple-choice questions. Note: The LinkList keeps track of both head and tail.
    • Templates Overview: The idea is to use the same code for various data types (generic code). Templates are expanded at compile time, and the compiler checks types before expansion. Source code contains only function/class definitions, but compiled code may have multiple instances for different data types. Function templates are generic for different data types. Class templates define independent components (data structures or containers) that don't depend on the data type.
    • Disadvantages of Templates: All code is exposed, some compilers support templates poorly, and error messages when problems arise in template code can be unhelpful and confusing.
    • Function Templates: Useful for overloaded functions with the same definitions. Templates allow passing not only the parameter value but also its data type. Templates use operators to determine the specific function called based on the argument type.
    • Example Std Class Templates: Class templates are useful for data structures allowing different data types (e.g., std::array, std::vector). Template parameter "T" is used for the element type (e.g., std::array<T>, std::vector<T>). Class templates leverage operators to maintain genericity.
    • Example Class Template: A template class Item is shown with data members and methods such as getData(), setData(), and an overloaded ostream operator.
    • Class Templates Review: Class templates are helpful for data structures (collection classes). They allow handling different data types in the container, making the template generic for various types. Template parameter 'T' is frequently used as a placeholder for the data structure elements' type. Class templates rely on operators to maintain genericity.
    • Node & LinkList Template Steps: When using templates, class names change to class<T> everywhere. Copy constructors and assignment operator arguments must use class<T>. Scope resolution operator must use class<T>::functionName(). The Node class will also be a template if it's used in a template LinkList. Allocation needs to specify the type parameter (e.g., Node<T>*).
    • Template Node: Show example code for a templated Node class, including a friend declaration for the LinkList class.
    • Template LinkList: Show example code for a templated LinkList class including member functions (constructors, destructor, append, potentially others). Example codes provided.
    • Rule of 3: LinkList is a dynamically allocated and deallocated data structure, so copying requires reallocating and linking. All memory allocated on the heap must be destroyed/deallocated when the object goes out of scope. The copy constructor (e.g., LinkList(const LinkList<T>& source)), the assignment operator (e.g., LinkList<T>& operator=(const LinkList<T>& source)), and the destructor (e.g., ~LinkList()) are critical for managing dynamic memory to prevent memory leaks or other errors.
    • Shallow Copy vs Deep Copy: Shallow copies just copy pointers, leading to issues when deallocating, whereas deep copies allocate memory for new data and copy the contents. This was illustrated visually in diagrams.
    • Copy Constructor (Example): A copy constructor example, showing how to traverse the source list and append data into the new list, illustrated with an example of the copy constructor implementation using a loop.
    • Assignment Operator Example: Example of the assignment operator showing how to handle self-assignment, deallocate existing memory, and copy data from the source list to the destination list, illustrated with an example of the assignment operator implementation with a loop.
    • Recursive Function: Recursion is a function that calls itself. It must have a stopping case to prevent infinite recursion, and all function calls are placed on the call stack. Recursive functions are useful for operations that inherently involve repetitive subtasks.
    • Printing Backwards Recursion (Example): Example of how to print a LinkList in reverse with a recursive function, with code-example given of recursive printBackwards() implementation. Stopping case (base case) for recursive calls is clearly identified.

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    CSC 1061 Week 11 LinkList, Recursion, Templates PDF

    Description

    This quiz focuses on the implementation and testing of collection classes using linked lists. Key concepts include the Rule of 3, generic templates for Node and LinkList classes, and recursion techniques. Prepare to demonstrate your understanding through multiple-choice questions and practical coding challenges.

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