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Questions and Answers
Which structures are present in plant cells but absent in animal cells?
Which structures are present in plant cells but absent in animal cells?
What is the main effect of placing a cell in a hypertonic solution?
What is the main effect of placing a cell in a hypertonic solution?
What process describes the movement of water through a semi-permeable membrane?
What process describes the movement of water through a semi-permeable membrane?
Which of the following is an example of mutualism?
Which of the following is an example of mutualism?
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What is the term for the relationship where one organism benefits and the other is harmed?
What is the term for the relationship where one organism benefits and the other is harmed?
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In an ecosystem, which group occupies the bottommost trophic level?
In an ecosystem, which group occupies the bottommost trophic level?
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What best defines an ecological niche?
What best defines an ecological niche?
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Which process involves the separation of solid particles from a liquid mixture?
Which process involves the separation of solid particles from a liquid mixture?
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Which biome is characterized by trees that lose their leaves at the end of each growing season?
Which biome is characterized by trees that lose their leaves at the end of each growing season?
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What is the primary characteristic of a desert?
What is the primary characteristic of a desert?
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Which law states that when parents with pure contrasting traits are crossed, only one trait appears in the next generation?
Which law states that when parents with pure contrasting traits are crossed, only one trait appears in the next generation?
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What process describes excessive plant and algal growth due to increased availability of growth factors?
What process describes excessive plant and algal growth due to increased availability of growth factors?
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Which organism is responsible for causing cholera?
Which organism is responsible for causing cholera?
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What do allosomes refer to in the context of genetics?
What do allosomes refer to in the context of genetics?
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Which term refers to the observable traits that an organism possesses?
Which term refers to the observable traits that an organism possesses?
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Which forest type is characterized by coniferous trees and found in regions with mild winters and heavy rainfall?
Which forest type is characterized by coniferous trees and found in regions with mild winters and heavy rainfall?
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Which taxonomic rank comes directly after class in the hierarchy?
Which taxonomic rank comes directly after class in the hierarchy?
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What distinguishes prokaryotic cells from eukaryotic cells?
What distinguishes prokaryotic cells from eukaryotic cells?
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What process involves the breakdown of carbohydrates with the use of oxygen?
What process involves the breakdown of carbohydrates with the use of oxygen?
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Which of the following is NOT a recognized survival adaptation?
Which of the following is NOT a recognized survival adaptation?
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What is the function of electrolytes in the human body?
What is the function of electrolytes in the human body?
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Which statement accurately reflects the concept of homeostasis?
Which statement accurately reflects the concept of homeostasis?
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Which of the following components is NOT part of an electrolyte balance?
Which of the following components is NOT part of an electrolyte balance?
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What does metabolism primarily encompass?
What does metabolism primarily encompass?
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What is Trisomy 21 more commonly known as?
What is Trisomy 21 more commonly known as?
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What is the main function of carbohydrates in the human body?
What is the main function of carbohydrates in the human body?
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Which biomolecule is primarily made from amino acids?
Which biomolecule is primarily made from amino acids?
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Which part of the body is primarily responsible for chemical digestion?
Which part of the body is primarily responsible for chemical digestion?
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What structure in the lungs allows gas exchange to occur?
What structure in the lungs allows gas exchange to occur?
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Which gland releases melatonin to regulate circadian rhythm?
Which gland releases melatonin to regulate circadian rhythm?
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Which type of blood vessel is responsible for material exchange between blood and tissues?
Which type of blood vessel is responsible for material exchange between blood and tissues?
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Which hormone controls water retention in the kidneys?
Which hormone controls water retention in the kidneys?
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Study Notes
CSA 100: Competency and Skills Appraisal on General Education - Science Reviewer 1
- Taxonomy: Uses the mnemonic "Dumb King Philip Came Over For Good Spaghetti" (DKPCOFGS) to remember the order of taxonomic ranks (Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species).
- Organisms: Heterotrophic organisms cannot produce their own food, while autotrophic organisms can. Multicellular organisms are composed of many cells, visible with the naked eye, whereas unicellular organisms are microscopic, composed of a single cell. Cell walls are found in plants, fungi, protists (some types), and bacteria.
- Cell Biology: Animals have various cells types, while plants have cell walls, plastids, and chloroplasts that animals lack. Centrosomes/centrioles and lysosomes are typically animal-specific structures. Prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles, while eukaryotic cells have both.
- Metabolism: Catabolism breaks down molecules to release energy, while anabolism builds larger molecules to store energy. Cellular respiration utilizes oxygen to break down carbohydrates, producing carbon dioxide and water.
- Homeostasis & Survival: Homeostasis is the maintenance of balance in the body. Survival adaptations include camouflage, mimicry, playing dead, and venom production for defense. Wisdom teeth, coccyx, appendix, and tonsils are vestigial in humans.
- Electrolytes: Humans maintain electrolytes such as sodium, magnesium, potassium, calcium, chloride, phosphate, and bicarbonate.
- Atoms & Elements: Atomic mass is the sum of protons and neutrons. Non-metals are in the right portion of the periodic table.
- Cell Types & Structures: Prokaryotic cells, lacking a nucleus, are primarily found in bacteria. Eukaryotic cells contain nuclei and membrane-bound organelles.
- Cell Structures: Cell walls, plastids, and chloroplasts are found in plant cells, and centrosomes/centrioles and lysosomes are found in animal cells. Plant cell walls often produce a rectangular shape in contrast to animal cells' more irregular shapes.
- Osmosis: Water movement across a semi-permeable membrane, influenced by differences in solute concentration (hypertonic, hypotonic, isotonic).
- Diffusion: The movement of molecules through a medium, including facilitated diffusion (with protein help).
- Cellular Processes: Facilitated diffusion utilizes protein channels. Filtration separates solid and liquid components.
- Ecology: Organisms' relationships within ecosystems (mutualism, commensalism, parasitism, competition, predation) greatly influence the environment. Osmosis and diffusion are crucial for maintaining the balance of these relationships.
- Ecological Succession: Ecological succession describes the gradual change of species and habitats over time, affecting the environment. Ecological niches are the specific environmental conditions corresponding to a species' unique role.
- Biomes: Different biomes (tropical rainforest, temperate coniferous forest, temperate grassland, taiga, tundra, desert) are characterized by their climate factors and the flora and fauna they support.
- Ecosystem Processes: Ecesis, nudation, and succession, processes involving the environment, and the plant or animal establishment in a new environment.
- Cellular Processes: Eutrophication describes nutrient-induced plant growth. Saponification refers to the soap-making process. Endospores are bacterial survival structures.
Genetics (Page 3)
- Genetics Principles: The Law of Independent Assortment describes independent inheritance of gene pairs; the Law of Segregation means only one allele passed on to offspring.
- Chromosomes & Sex: X and Y chromosomes determine sex.
- Genotype vs. Phenotype: Genotype refers to genes, and phenotype refers to observable traits.
- Genetic Variations: Trisomy 21 (Down Syndrome) results from extra chromosomes.
- Gene Flow: Gene flow (migration) involves the movement of individuals or genetic material between populations.
- Genetic Drift: Genetic drift is the change in gene frequencies due to random chance.
- Mutations: Mutations are alterations in DNA.
- Sexual Dimorphism: Different forms can exist between sexes.
- Biomolecules: Carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids are major biomolecules in living organisms with significant functions.
- Cellular Processes in the body: Tiny sacs within the lungs called alveoli facilitate gas exchange. Melatonin is produced by the pineal gland and the blood vessels called capillaries enable transport of substances in blood.
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Description
This quiz covers essential topics in general education science, including taxonomy, cell biology, and metabolism. It particularly focuses on the differences between autotrophic and heterotrophic organisms, as well as the characteristics of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Prepare to test your understanding of essential biological concepts and the classification of organisms.
