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Questions and Answers
Initiating CPR is the only crucial step when helping someone with heart problems.
Initiating CPR is the only crucial step when helping someone with heart problems.
False
The Chain of Survival® consists of four steps in total.
The Chain of Survival® consists of four steps in total.
False
Time is not a vital factor in providing a casualty in cardiac arrest with a reasonable chance of survival.
Time is not a vital factor in providing a casualty in cardiac arrest with a reasonable chance of survival.
False
The first trained person on the scene should not initiate the Chain of Survival® sequence.
The first trained person on the scene should not initiate the Chain of Survival® sequence.
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The ambulance crew is responsible for initiating the Chain of Survival® sequence.
The ambulance crew is responsible for initiating the Chain of Survival® sequence.
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Integrated post-cardiac arrest care is not considered an important step in the Chain of Survival®.
Integrated post-cardiac arrest care is not considered an important step in the Chain of Survival®.
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Automated external defibrillators (AEDs) can only be used on adults, not children or infants.
Automated external defibrillators (AEDs) can only be used on adults, not children or infants.
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Defibrillator pads should be placed directly over a pacemaker site to ensure proper function.
Defibrillator pads should be placed directly over a pacemaker site to ensure proper function.
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The voice prompts of an AED will direct you to bare the chest and attach electrode pads.
The voice prompts of an AED will direct you to bare the chest and attach electrode pads.
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All casualties with implanted devices should have the defibrillator pads placed directly over the device.
All casualties with implanted devices should have the defibrillator pads placed directly over the device.
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Pregnant patients should not receive defibrillation as it can harm the unborn child.
Pregnant patients should not receive defibrillation as it can harm the unborn child.
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Excessive sweat, water, and chest hair do not need to be removed before applying AED electrode pads.
Excessive sweat, water, and chest hair do not need to be removed before applying AED electrode pads.
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Denial is not considered an important detail when someone is experiencing a heart attack.
Denial is not considered an important detail when someone is experiencing a heart attack.
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Angina and a heart attack can both present symptoms like fatigue and anxiety.
Angina and a heart attack can both present symptoms like fatigue and anxiety.
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If a person is having a heart attack, they may experience pain or discomfort in the lower body.
If a person is having a heart attack, they may experience pain or discomfort in the lower body.
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First aid for angina/heart attack does not involve asking the casualty any questions.
First aid for angina/heart attack does not involve asking the casualty any questions.
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Placing the casualty in a semi-sitting position is not recommended during a heart attack.
Placing the casualty in a semi-sitting position is not recommended during a heart attack.
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If a person experiencing a heart attack has no prescribed medication, they should be given nitroglycerin as the first option.
If a person experiencing a heart attack has no prescribed medication, they should be given nitroglycerin as the first option.
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AEDs can be safely used with the casualty on a wet metal surface.
AEDs can be safely used with the casualty on a wet metal surface.
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It is safe to place AED pads over piercings or jewelry.
It is safe to place AED pads over piercings or jewelry.
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After a successful defibrillation, if the casualty remains unresponsive but starts breathing on their own, it is recommended to remove the AED pads.
After a successful defibrillation, if the casualty remains unresponsive but starts breathing on their own, it is recommended to remove the AED pads.
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One of the important pieces of information for emergency services personnel is the color of the AED used during the resuscitation.
One of the important pieces of information for emergency services personnel is the color of the AED used during the resuscitation.
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Regulations regarding the requirement of workplaces to have AEDs are typically found in federal, provincial, or territorial legislation.
Regulations regarding the requirement of workplaces to have AEDs are typically found in federal, provincial, or territorial legislation.
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If you or the casualty is submerged in water, it is safe to use the AED.
If you or the casualty is submerged in water, it is safe to use the AED.
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An infant's head flexes backward when lying on their back.
An infant's head flexes backward when lying on their back.
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Chest compression only CPR provides the casualty with oxygen.
Chest compression only CPR provides the casualty with oxygen.
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Thin pad should be placed under the hips when giving CPR to keep the airway open.
Thin pad should be placed under the hips when giving CPR to keep the airway open.
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It is important to apply an AED immediately upon its arrival to the scene.
It is important to apply an AED immediately upon its arrival to the scene.
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Dispatcher-assisted CPR is not available in many locales.
Dispatcher-assisted CPR is not available in many locales.
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Compression only CPR involves both chest compressions and mouth-to-mouth breaths.
Compression only CPR involves both chest compressions and mouth-to-mouth breaths.
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It is recommended to place a casualty with paralysis on the paralyzed side up to reduce tissue or nerve damage.
It is recommended to place a casualty with paralysis on the paralyzed side up to reduce tissue or nerve damage.
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During cardiac arrest, the casualty becomes unresponsive and stops breathing due to decreased oxygen flow to the brain.
During cardiac arrest, the casualty becomes unresponsive and stops breathing due to decreased oxygen flow to the brain.
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CPR can be effective in restoring a normal heartbeat even if the casualty is clinically dead.
CPR can be effective in restoring a normal heartbeat even if the casualty is clinically dead.
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CPR primarily aims to maintain oxygenated blood circulation to the brain and other organs until the heart resumes beating or medical help arrives.
CPR primarily aims to maintain oxygenated blood circulation to the brain and other organs until the heart resumes beating or medical help arrives.
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Sending someone for an AED is the immediate step to take if a casualty is unresponsive after a scene survey.
Sending someone for an AED is the immediate step to take if a casualty is unresponsive after a scene survey.
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CPR should be initiated only after establishing responsiveness in adult casualties.
CPR should be initiated only after establishing responsiveness in adult casualties.
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If you find someone collapsed and unresponsive, it is crucial to call 9-1-1 or the local emergency number immediately.
If you find someone collapsed and unresponsive, it is crucial to call 9-1-1 or the local emergency number immediately.
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Chest compression only CPR involves providing mouth-to-mouth breaths along with chest compressions.
Chest compression only CPR involves providing mouth-to-mouth breaths along with chest compressions.
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Dispatcher-assisted CPR is not available in many locales.
Dispatcher-assisted CPR is not available in many locales.
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If you are unsure of your ability to perform conventional CPR, it is recommended to not attempt to help the casualty.
If you are unsure of your ability to perform conventional CPR, it is recommended to not attempt to help the casualty.
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Placing an AED immediately upon its arrival at the scene is not important according to CPR guidelines.
Placing an AED immediately upon its arrival at the scene is not important according to CPR guidelines.
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Excessive sweat, water, and chest hair must be removed before applying AED electrode pads.
Excessive sweat, water, and chest hair must be removed before applying AED electrode pads.
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It is recommended to place two fingers on the breastbone just above the nipple line when performing CPR on an infant.
It is recommended to place two fingers on the breastbone just above the nipple line when performing CPR on an infant.
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If a baby is not breathing effectively, it is advised to begin CPR by delivering rescue breaths first, before starting compressions.
If a baby is not breathing effectively, it is advised to begin CPR by delivering rescue breaths first, before starting compressions.
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The rate of compressions during CPR on an infant should be between 80 to 100 per minute.
The rate of compressions during CPR on an infant should be between 80 to 100 per minute.
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Placing a barrier device over the casualty's mouth and nose while giving breaths during CPR can help prevent the risk of infection transmission.
Placing a barrier device over the casualty's mouth and nose while giving breaths during CPR can help prevent the risk of infection transmission.
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Tilting the head and lifting the chin helps to close the airway and prevent choking during CPR on an infant.
Tilting the head and lifting the chin helps to close the airway and prevent choking during CPR on an infant.
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Denial is not considered an important detail when someone is experiencing a heart attack.
Denial is not considered an important detail when someone is experiencing a heart attack.
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Performing 5 cycles of CPR (two minutes) before going for medical help is recommended if you are alone with no phone and an AED is not available.
Performing 5 cycles of CPR (two minutes) before going for medical help is recommended if you are alone with no phone and an AED is not available.
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If a person is having a heart attack, they may experience pain or discomfort in the lower body.
If a person is having a heart attack, they may experience pain or discomfort in the lower body.
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Thin pad should be placed under the hips when giving CPR to keep the airway open.
Thin pad should be placed under the hips when giving CPR to keep the airway open.
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Excessive sweat, water, and chest hair do not need to be removed before applying AED electrode pads.
Excessive sweat, water, and chest hair do not need to be removed before applying AED electrode pads.
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An infant's head flexes backward when lying on their back.
An infant's head flexes backward when lying on their back.
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Integrated post-cardiac arrest care is not considered an important step in the Chain of Survival®.
Integrated post-cardiac arrest care is not considered an important step in the Chain of Survival®.
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Defibrillator pads should be placed directly over a pacemaker site to ensure proper function.
Defibrillator pads should be placed directly over a pacemaker site to ensure proper function.
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Automated external defibrillators (AEDs) can only be used on adults, not children or infants.
Automated external defibrillators (AEDs) can only be used on adults, not children or infants.
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AEDs can be safely used with the casualty on a wet metal surface.
AEDs can be safely used with the casualty on a wet metal surface.
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All casualties with implanted devices should have the defibrillator pads placed directly over the device.
All casualties with implanted devices should have the defibrillator pads placed directly over the device.
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Thin pad should be placed under the hips when giving CPR to keep the airway open.
Thin pad should be placed under the hips when giving CPR to keep the airway open.
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If a person experiencing a heart attack has no prescribed medication, they should be given nitroglycerin as the first option.
If a person experiencing a heart attack has no prescribed medication, they should be given nitroglycerin as the first option.
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Study Notes
Chain of Survival
- Chain of Survival includes immediate recognition of a cardiovascular emergency and activation of the community emergency medical services (EMS) system, early CPR with an emphasis on chest compressions, rapid defibrillation, and integrated post-cardiac arrest care.
Signs and Symptoms of Angina and Heart Attack
- A heart attack can produce shock and may display pale, ashen skin, sweating, cold, and clammy to the touch, shortness of breath, obvious pain or discomfort in the upper body, and may feel like heaviness, tightness, or squeezing in the chest.
- Other signs and symptoms include fatigue, anxiety, central back pain, and denial.
- Recognition of cardiovascular emergency requires suspicion and action.
First Aid for Angina/Heart Attack
- Perform scene survey and primary survey.
- Ask questions: "Can you show me where it hurts?", "Have you had this pain before?", "Do you have medication for this pain?"
- Call for medical help and get a defibrillator.
- Place the casualty at rest and reassure them.
- Assist conscious casualty to take prescribed medication.
- Continuously monitor and provide ongoing care.
Cardiac Arrest
- Cardiac arrest means the heart stops beating properly, resulting in no blood flow to the brain, and the casualty becomes unresponsive and stops breathing.
- Common causes of cardiac arrest include heart attack, severe injuries, electrical shock, drug overdose, drowning, and suffocation.
CPR
- Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) is artificial respiration and artificial circulation to circulate enough oxygenated blood to the brain and other organs.
- CPR is most effective when interruptions to chest compressions are minimized.
- Adult casualty CPR: perform a scene survey, assess responsiveness, call for medical help, and perform 30:2 (30 compressions to 2 ventilations).
- Infant casualty CPR: perform a scene survey, assess responsiveness, send or call for medical help, and perform 5 cycles of CPR (two minutes) before seeking medical help.
Using an AED
- Always follow the AED's voice prompts.
- Power on the AED, bare the chest, and attach electrode pads.
- Stand back (or clear), press the shock button, and continue CPR as prompted by the machine.
- Defibrillation considerations: pregnant patients, pacemakers or implanted defibrillators, children under 8 years of age, patch medications, wet environment, and metal surfaces.
Post-Resuscitation Care and Handover to EMS
- If defibrillation is successful, the casualty may start breathing on their own but remain unresponsive.
- Place the casualty into the recovery position and monitor the ABCs.
- Leave the AED attached and continue to provide information to medical personnel.
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Description
Test your knowledge on providing CPR to infants, including using an AED and addressing airway obstructions. Learn about the key steps to take during a CPR emergency for infants.
