Questions and Answers
What is the potential of Schedule IV drugs in terms of abuse and dependence?
Which opioid is considered weaker than commonly used opioids?
What are the side effects commonly associated with opioid use?
Which product is commonly combined with acetaminophen?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the equivalent potency of 1mg of Hydromorphone in terms of morphine?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following statements about opioids is incorrect?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a common use for combo products with less than 90mg of codeine?
Signup and view all the answers
Which opioid analgesic is known as a very potent Schedule II drug?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a characteristic of Oxycontin?
Signup and view all the answers
What is NOT a side effect of opioids?
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Coronary Artery Disease and Medications
- Monitor for severe effects such as bleeding or gastrointestinal pain in at-risk patients.
- Notify prescribers immediately if severe symptoms develop.
Enolic Acid Derivatives
- Available in strengths of 81 mg and 325 mg, both equally beneficial in preventing thrombotic events.
- Generally better tolerated gastrointestinally than some other NSAIDs.
- Used for treating mild to moderate osteoarthritis (OA), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and gouty arthritis.
Antigout Drugs
- Hyperuricemia results from inappropriate uric acid metabolism, either through underexcretion or overproduction, leading to pain from uric acid crystals.
- Treatment goals include reducing acute attack symptoms and preventing recurrent attacks.
- First-line therapy is NSAIDs; second-line therapy includes allopurinol (Zyloprim) to prevent uric acid production.
- Adverse effects of allopurinol include exfoliative dermatitis and severe skin reactions.
Analgesics
- Defined as medications relieving pain without causing loss of consciousness.
- Include non-opioids, opioids, and adjuvant analgesic drugs.
- Opioid analgesics bind to opiate receptors; categorized into mild (codeine, hydrocodone) and strong agonists (morphine, oxycodone, fentanyl).
Opioid Use
- Adverse effects include CNS depression, nausea, respiratory depression, urinary retention, and constipation.
- Use with caution in patients with severe asthma, respiratory insufficiency, and pregnancy, due to potential risks.
- Opiate ceiling effect limits pain relief despite increased dosage.
WHO Three-Step Analgesic Ladder
- Step 1: Nonopioids alone or with adjuvants for mild pain.
- Step 2: Opioids combined with nonopioids or adjuvants for moderate pain.
- Step 3: Strong opioids for moderate to severe pain.
Psychological and Physical Dependence
- Tolerance requires higher doses for the same analgesic effect over time.
- Physical dependence leads to withdrawal symptoms on cessation, necessitating weaning.
- Psychological dependence may result in addiction.
Drug Classifications
- Schedule II: High potential for abuse (e.g., hydrocodone, oxycodone, morphine), with accepted medical use in the U.S. but with severe restrictions.
- Schedule III: Moderate potential for dependence (e.g., ketamine, anabolic steroids).
- Schedule IV: Low potential for abuse and risk of dependence.
Specific Drugs and Effects
- Codeine sulfate is a natural opiate used for severe pain, associated with GI disturbances.
- Fentanyl is a synthetic opioid administered in various forms, effective for chronic pain but unsuitable for opioid-naïve patients.
- Hydromorphone (Dilaudid) is a potent analgesic, markedly stronger than morphine, requiring careful administration.
Combination Therapies
- Oxycodone is often combined with acetaminophen and available in immediate and sustained-release forms.
- Buprenorphine with naloxone (Suboxone) serves as a detoxification treatment for opioid addicts, offering a partial agonist effect.
Herbal Products
- Glucosamine and Chondroitin are used to treat OA pain but may enhance warfarin effects and increase insulin resistance.
Nursing Implications
- Equianalgesia ability allows for calculating dosages providing comparable pain relief across different medications and routes.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Description
This quiz covers the risk factors for developing coronary artery disease and the importance of notifying prescribers about severe effects, including bleeding or gastrointestinal pain. It also discusses the usage of Enolic Acid Derivatives. Test your knowledge on these critical health issues.
