Coronary Artery Disease and Arteriosclerosis Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the role of lipids or fats in atherosclerosis?

  • They help prevent the condition
  • They play a key role in atherosclerosis development (correct)
  • They have no impact on atherosclerosis
  • They only affect men's health

    • Which genetic disorder is characterized by having fewer LDL receptors than normal?

  • Hyperthyroidism
  • Hypercholesterolemia (correct)
  • Hyperglycemia
  • Hypertension

    • What is the treatment option recommended to lower cholesterol levels?

  • Follow a healthy diet (correct)
  • Gain weight
  • Increase salt intake
  • Stop exercising

    • What is the main artery involved in a majority of myocardial infarctions?

    <p>Left anterior descending artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom of a heart attack is more common in women than in men?

    <p>Shortness of breath</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common cause of sudden death in patients after a myocardial infarction?

    <p>Heart block due to conduction fibers no longer functioning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor can lead to the development of cardiogenic shock?

    <p>Reduced cardiac output due to congestive heart failure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common effect of rapid heart rate on cardiac output?

    <p>Reduction in blood to tissues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can premature atrial contractions (PAC) interfere with the heart rhythm?

    <p>Completion of a circuit to re-excite damaged tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the pacemaker of the heart?

    <p>Sinus Node</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main problem associated with coronary artery disease?

    <p>Insufficient oxygen supply to the heart muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about arteriosclerosis is true?

    <p>It refers to the hardening and thickening of the walls of small arteries and arterioles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the leading cause of death in both women and men in the USA?

    <p>Coronary artery disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where do atheromas (plaques) typically form in atherosclerosis?

    <p>In the walls of large arteries, particularly at bifurcation points</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common consequence of arteriosclerosis?

    <p>Necrosis (cell death) of tissues due to ischemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of Congestive Heart Failure?

    <p>The heart's inability to pump sufficient blood to meet the body's metabolic needs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In Congestive Heart Failure, which side of the heart typically fails first?

    <p>It depends on the underlying cause of the condition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a compensation mechanism that can aggravate Congestive Heart Failure?

    <p>Increased blood flow to the kidneys to improve filtration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary effect of increased renin and aldosterone secretion in Congestive Heart Failure?

    <p>Vasoconstriction and increased blood pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary effect of Sympathetic Nervous System activation in Congestive Heart Failure?

    <p>Increased heart rate, peripheral resistance, and decreased cardiac efficiency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of congestive heart failure (CHF) mentioned in the text?

    <p>Coronary artery disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main effect of the left ventricle's inability to pump blood effectively in CHF?

    <p>Decreased blood flow to tissues and organs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a sign or symptom of left-sided heart failure mentioned in the text?

    <p>Jaundice</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used in the text to describe right-sided heart failure due to pulmonary disease?

    <p>Cor pulmonale</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a sign or symptom of right-sided heart failure in the text?

    <p>Cyanosis (bluish discoloration of skin)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens in a left to right shunt in the heart?

    <p>Blood from the left side of the heart is recycled to the right side and to the lungs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic sign of cyanotic conditions?

    <p>Cyanosis in skin and mucous membranes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What compensation mechanism causes an increase in heart rate and force of contraction?

    <p>Increased oxygen demand in the heart</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which diagnostic test is commonly used for detecting congenital heart defects?

    <p>Echocardiograms for cardiac evaluation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common treatment approach for a Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD)?

    <p>Surgical repair</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between atrial flutter and atrial fibrillation?

    <p>Atrial flutter causes blood pooling in the atria, while atrial fibrillation does not.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of ventricular tachycardia?

    <p>Reduced ventricular filling time and force of contraction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens during a total or third-degree heart block?

    <p>Impulses from the atria do not reach the ventricles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are premature ventricular contractions (PVC’s) different from ventricular fibrillation?

    <p>PVC’s interfere with heart function if they occur occasionally, but ventricular fibrillation does not.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of defibrillators in treating cardiac arrest?

    <p>To restore the heart's natural rhythm by interrupting disorganized signals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary treatment for stenosis (narrowing) of the heart valve?

    <p>Surgical valve replacement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of valves are typically used for surgical valve replacement?

    <p>Mechanical valves or valves from animals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How often do surgically replaced valves need to be replaced?

    <p>Every 10 to 12 years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What medication is typically required after valve replacement surgery?

    <p>Warfarin or Coumadin to prevent thrombus formation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common cyanotic congenital heart condition?

    <p>Tetralogy of Fallot</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the four defects associated with Tetralogy of Fallot?

    <p>Pulmonary valve stenosis, VSD, dextroposition of the aorta, and right ventricular hypertrophy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary treatment for Tetralogy of Fallot?

    <p>Surgical repair and reconstruction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common form of hypertension (high blood pressure)?

    <p>Primary or essential hypertension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which group is more likely to develop hypertension at an earlier age?

    <p>African Americans</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended initial treatment for mild hypertension?

    <p>Lifestyle changes and diuretics</p> Signup and view all the answers

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