Construction Materials and Techniques Quiz

Aggregate Checks

• Heavy aggregates are those with a density of at least 3000 kg/m³.
• Aggregates (coarse and medium) make up roughly 40% of the composition.
• Natural aggregates form from the fragmentation of rocks by water and wind.
• Organic materials (e.g., wood, grass) are not acceptable as impact aggregates.

Rock Groups

• Coal, dolomite, alabaster, and gypsum are sedimentary rocks formed from the accumulation of animal and plant remains.

Laminated Glass

• This manufacturing method creates safety glass.
• It's a type of decorative glass.
• It's a type of ornamental glass.
• When broken, it shatters into small pieces that lack sharp edges.

Cement

• Cement is a hydraulic binder.
• Epoxy and polyurethane resins are not used in cement production.
• Cement comes in different strength classes.
• It is made from mineral materials like marl, limestone, and sand.

Highest Water Absorption Rocks

• Deep-sea igneous rocks have the highest water absorption.

Safety Glass

• Tempered glass is safety glass.
• Laminated glass is safety glass.
• Reinforced glass is safety glass.
• Curved glass is not safety glass.

Thermal Insulation

• Most thermal insulation materials offer fire protection.
• Thermal insulation is commonly attached to walls with gluing or doweling.
• In double-layer walls, insulation should be installed on the outside of the building.
• Thermal conductivity increases with insulation thickness.

Heat Transfer Coefficient

• It characterizes building partitions.
• Designers have no influence on its value, it is a fixed property of the material.
• It shows how good or bad a material is as a thermal insulator.

Expansion Joints in Facades

• Diamond-cut expansion joints are commonly used in facades.
• Expansion joints should always be filled with flexible sealing material.
• Spacing is determined by the building's location regarding strongest winds.

Metal Pipes

• Seamless pipes are used for transporting agents with high darkening.
• Seamless piping is limited to a 51 cm diameter.
• "Black piping" has more flexible quality requirements.

Statements (True/False)

• Materials with equal specific gravity and bulk density exist. • Porous materials are not suitable for thermal insulation. • The specific gravity of a porous material is greater than its bulk density. • Aluminum powder increases porosity in aerated concrete production.
• Insulation is always installed on the outside of building partitions. • Insulation types differ based on groundwater levels. • Insulation is divided into moisture-proof and vapor-proof types.

Dense-Ribbed Ceilings

• The maximum axial spacing for beams should not exceed 50 cm.
• Load-bearing elements are beams, with hollow blocks placed between.

Paints

• Fillers can increase the utility of paints but too much filler will make the paint more rigid and susceptible to peeling.
• There are water-based or solvent-based paints.
• Fillers improve utility properties of paints.

Particleboards

• Perforated particleboards have improved acoustic properties.
• Oriented strand board (OSB) is a type of particleboard with a directional fiber arrangement.
• Adjacent layers of particleboard are arranged at 90 degrees.
• Particleboards resist water well.

Injection

• Injection is a method used to create insulation in existing buildings.
• Corrugated metal sheets are often used during injection.
• Long cuts are used along with the sheets inserted.
• There are two distinct methods: undercutting and driving in.

Stone Materials

• Burnt limestone, a component of mortar, is not a corrosive substance.
• Cement bag markings indicate cubic volume.

Prestressed Concrete

• Three types of prestressing include prestressed concrete, cable concrete, and tension concrete.
• These methods introduce stresses opposite to external forces to strengthen structural elements.
• High-strength steel is used in prestressing.

External Walls

• Lintels are needed over openings in external walls.
• Stainless steel is best for external window sills.
• A concrete apron with a 2% slope aids rainwater drainage.

Fibreboards

• Fibreboards are used in furniture construction.
• Products are used to provide thermal and acoustic insulation.
• Products are made from specially selected wood fibres.

Metal Ropes

• Metal ropes can have plastic cores.
• Metal ropes can have exterior covering.

Paints (Limestone)

• Milk of lime is useful for whitewashing (disinfecting properties).
• Cement clinker is created by burning a mixture of clay, marl and limestone (145 degrees Celsius).

Metal Products

• Cold-bent and hot-rolled sections are types of metal products.
• Section names reference letters to their types.
• Hot-rolled sections take form during production.

Intumescent Paints

• Intumescent paints have 3 layers: primer, base, and external.
• They give building elements good aesthetic properties when fire protection is needed
• These paints are especially used on wooden elements as fire protection.
• The paints can only be used indoors.

Glass

• Glass fibers are used in less common glass roof tiles.
• Porphyry glass is frequently used in roof coverings.
• Glass blocks can be used for ceiling beams.
• Popular glass types include limestone and dolomite.

Enamel Glass

• Enamel is a layer placed between two panes of glass.
• This is a type of laminated glass.
• It's glass with a ceramic coating applied.
• It's not tempered glass.

Heat Conduction

• The more pores in a material, the greater the heat conduction.
• The moisture content of a material affects its heat conduction coefficient.
• Metallic materials have greater heat conductivity than wooden materials.
• The heat conduction coefficient is represented with the symbol U.

Metal Ropes

• Metal ropes primarily transfer tensile and compressive force.
• Steel rope cores are made of strands.
• Ropes often have a cover.

Sandwich Panels

• Stone layers in sandwich panels are supported by load-bearing layers, often corrugated sheet metal.
• Epoxy and polyurethane resins are used to color aggregates.
• These panels are used to reduce weight.

Wood Elements

• Wooden elements are divided into assortments depending on length.
• Wooden elements may be joined by using carpentry, or engineering joints using spiked plates.

Gypsum Fiber Boards

• These boards are made of gypsum cement and cellulose fibers produced by recycling.
• They are high-pressure bonded.
• They have fire-resistant properties.
• The high cellulose content makes them flammable.

Foam Glass

• Form in crushed stone or board form.
• Can't be directly mounted to walls.
• Has higher mechanical resistance than extruded polystyrene.
• Not very resistant to fire.

Alkyd Paints

• They dry oxidatively.
• Coatings made of this pain lose their shine over time.
• Coatings are flexible.

Building Materials and Fire

• One non-flammable material is mineral wool.
• Some non-flammable materials have fire protection (e.g., steel).

External Walls

• External walls require high resistance material at the base.
• Stainless steel is the best material for window sills.
• A concrete apron with a 2 percent slope is needed for external wall drainage.

Fiberboard

• Fiberboards can be used in the production of glued wood for insulation of walls.
• The primary use of fiberboards is in furniture manufacturing.

Aggregate Fractions

• Aggregate fractions are grains with size limitations between successive sieves with specific mesh sizes (e.g., 4-8 mm).

Sieve Analysis

• Sieve analysis separates materials into fractions by size.
• Sieves with mesh sizes from 0.05 mm to 80 mm are used.

Hardening Aggregates

• Hardening aggregates are mixtures of hard stone fragments (quartzite, flint), or synthetic materials (mineral alloys, porcelain, carborundum).

Concrete Proportions

• Ordinary concrete proportions are (in order: water, cement, sand, aggregate): 4% water, 20% cement, 46% sand, 30% aggregate; and 10% water, 14% cement, 26% sand, 50% aggregate

• 8% water, 16% cement, 26% sand, 50% aggregate

• 4% water, 8% cement, 26% sand, 62% aggregate

Thermal Conductivity Coefficient Values

• 1.4 W/mK, 0.031 W/mK, 0.040 W/mK, 0.95 W/mK

Gypsum Plasterboards

• Color differences relate to fire resistance.
• Boards may have perforations facilitating room ventilation.
• They are fit for partition walls.

Baked Top Products

• Finely porous glazed products, terracotta, sewage products are examples.
• Acid resistant products, drainage pipes, and smoke blocks are included.

Stone Facade Panels

• They are fixed using metal frames or anchors.
• Dry-installation, using anchors in load-bearing walls.
• Dry-installation with mortar.
• Dry-installation of rock slabs with low water absorption.

Cement

• Cement forms part of cement blocks, ceramic roof tiles, concrete mixing, and cement-lime mortar.

External Walls

• Three-layer walls have a ventilation gap.

Mineral Wool

• Mineral wool has a low thermal conductivity coefficient.
• It resists biological corrosion.
• It is a fire-resistant material.
• It can be used for acoustic insulation.

Floorboards

• Gaps (anti-pressure grooves) are sometimes present in floorboards to prevent pressure buildup.
• Installation methods depend on the distance between beams.
• Floorboards are commonly laid on wooden beams using felt pads.
• A tongue-and-groove connection is a suitable joining method for floorboards.

Band Around the Building

• An expansion gap is needed between a wall and its band, especially on wide eaves.
• A concrete screed with a 2 percent slope is the optimal solution.

Glass (Materials)

• The most frequent glass type is float glass.
• Ornamental glass is a type of rolled glass.
• Tempered glass is reinforced glass.
• Float glass is light enough to float on water.
• Plywood comes in two main types: coniferous (pine) and deciduous (alder, birch, beech).
• Plywood has adjacent layers with fibers at a 90-degree angle to each other.
• Plywood is made of veneer.

Steel Ropes

• Steel ropes' cores are composed of strands.
• Steel ropes can include a coating or cover.

Aggregates (Properties)

• Aggregates make up roughly 90% of total concrete.
• Lightweight aggregates' bulk density is below 1800.
• Used aggregates include pumice, tuff, volcanic tuff, and light limestones (carbonate porite).
• Bricks and concrete rubble from demolition are unsuitable aggregates for construction.

Fibre-Cement Boards

• These boards are susceptible to biological corrosion from water.

Test your knowledge on various construction materials and their properties. This quiz covers topics such as heavy aggregates, laminated glass, and mechanical features of building materials crucial for architects. Determine your understanding of appropriate moisture levels and the selection criteria for concrete.