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Questions and Answers
What significant outcome resulted from the Treaty of Allahabad in 1765?
What significant outcome resulted from the Treaty of Allahabad in 1765?
Which Nawab was placed on the throne after Mir Jafar was removed?
Which Nawab was placed on the throne after Mir Jafar was removed?
What was the main impact of British dominance on Bengal's economy?
What was the main impact of British dominance on Bengal's economy?
What title was given to Queen Victoria as the sovereign of British territories in India?
What title was given to Queen Victoria as the sovereign of British territories in India?
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What role did the Nizamat play in relation to the Nawab?
What role did the Nizamat play in relation to the Nawab?
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Who was considered the first governor of Bengal?
Who was considered the first governor of Bengal?
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Who created the office of 'Secretary of State (SoS)' for India?
Who created the office of 'Secretary of State (SoS)' for India?
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What was the primary role of the 'Council of India'?
What was the primary role of the 'Council of India'?
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What did the English East India Company (EIC) gain from the Diwani rights?
What did the English East India Company (EIC) gain from the Diwani rights?
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Which of the following powers was NOT granted to the newly established legislative councils in India?
Which of the following powers was NOT granted to the newly established legislative councils in India?
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Why were the British not satisfied with Mir Jafar's rule?
Why were the British not satisfied with Mir Jafar's rule?
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What was the political situation in Bengal after the British gained control?
What was the political situation in Bengal after the British gained control?
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What significant legislative change did the Act of 1861 introduce in India?
What significant legislative change did the Act of 1861 introduce in India?
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Which member of the legislative council was empowered to make rules and orders for the council's business?
Which member of the legislative council was empowered to make rules and orders for the council's business?
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The portfolio system, recognized in 1861, was designed to assign members of the council to which of the following?
The portfolio system, recognized in 1861, was designed to assign members of the council to which of the following?
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What was the impact of the Indian National Congress's demands on the legislative councils?
What was the impact of the Indian National Congress's demands on the legislative councils?
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What significant change did the Morley-Minto Reforms introduce regarding representation for Muslims?
What significant change did the Morley-Minto Reforms introduce regarding representation for Muslims?
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Who led the Shimla deputation demanding separate electorates for Muslims?
Who led the Shimla deputation demanding separate electorates for Muslims?
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What was one of the main objectives of Gopal Krishna Gokhale's visit to England?
What was one of the main objectives of Gopal Krishna Gokhale's visit to England?
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What was the result of the introduction of the Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms?
What was the result of the introduction of the Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms?
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Which of the following was a characteristic of the Council of States introduced in the reforms?
Which of the following was a characteristic of the Council of States introduced in the reforms?
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What was one consequence of the 1919 Act of Parliament regarding the Government of India?
What was one consequence of the 1919 Act of Parliament regarding the Government of India?
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What percentage of the budget remained non-votable after the 1919 reforms?
What percentage of the budget remained non-votable after the 1919 reforms?
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Which act is associated with introducing measures like the Rowlatt Act as part of the governance reforms?
Which act is associated with introducing measures like the Rowlatt Act as part of the governance reforms?
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What significant change was introduced regarding governance in the provinces under the Government of India Act of 1935?
What significant change was introduced regarding governance in the provinces under the Government of India Act of 1935?
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Which body was abolished by the Government of India Act of 1935?
Which body was abolished by the Government of India Act of 1935?
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What was the result of the proposal to establish an all-India federation of provinces and princely states?
What was the result of the proposal to establish an all-India federation of provinces and princely states?
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What percentage of the total population was granted franchise following the Government of India Act of 1935?
What percentage of the total population was granted franchise following the Government of India Act of 1935?
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What major legislative form was established in six out of eleven provinces under the Government of India Act of 1935?
What major legislative form was established in six out of eleven provinces under the Government of India Act of 1935?
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Which institution was specifically provided for the auditing of accounts under the Government of India Act of 1935?
Which institution was specifically provided for the auditing of accounts under the Government of India Act of 1935?
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What was uniquely maintained for Scheduled Castes, women, and labor following the Government of India Act of 1935?
What was uniquely maintained for Scheduled Castes, women, and labor following the Government of India Act of 1935?
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What power was vested in the Viceroy under the Government of India Act of 1935?
What power was vested in the Viceroy under the Government of India Act of 1935?
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What was introduced to demarcate Central and Provincial subjects for the first time?
What was introduced to demarcate Central and Provincial subjects for the first time?
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Which subjects were to be administered by the government with the aid of ministers responsible to the legislative council?
Which subjects were to be administered by the government with the aid of ministers responsible to the legislative council?
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Who had the authority to veto bills passed by the Legislative Council in provinces?
Who had the authority to veto bills passed by the Legislative Council in provinces?
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What was the result of a no-confidence motion against the ministers responsible for transferred subjects?
What was the result of a no-confidence motion against the ministers responsible for transferred subjects?
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Which group received separate electorate representation apart from Muslims under the franchise system?
Which group received separate electorate representation apart from Muslims under the franchise system?
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What was the significance of the Statutory Commission appointed 10 years after the Government of India Act 1919?
What was the significance of the Statutory Commission appointed 10 years after the Government of India Act 1919?
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What type of subjects were referred to as reserved subjects under the dyarchy system?
What type of subjects were referred to as reserved subjects under the dyarchy system?
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What percentage of the provincial legislative council was elected after the introduction of the dyarchy?
What percentage of the provincial legislative council was elected after the introduction of the dyarchy?
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What was the primary purpose of the Regulating Act of 1773?
What was the primary purpose of the Regulating Act of 1773?
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What change did the Amendment Act of 1781 introduce regarding the Supreme Court in Calcutta?
What change did the Amendment Act of 1781 introduce regarding the Supreme Court in Calcutta?
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Which act established a dual system of governance in India?
Which act established a dual system of governance in India?
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What was the primary power restored to the Governor-General by the Act of 1786?
What was the primary power restored to the Governor-General by the Act of 1786?
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Who was the British Prime Minister that introduced the Amendment Act of 1781?
Who was the British Prime Minister that introduced the Amendment Act of 1781?
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What was a significant impact of the Charter Act of 1793 on revenue administration?
What was a significant impact of the Charter Act of 1793 on revenue administration?
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What year was Lord Cornwallis appointed as the Governor-General of Bengal?
What year was Lord Cornwallis appointed as the Governor-General of Bengal?
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Which act required the East India Company to pay annual revenue directly to the British government?
Which act required the East India Company to pay annual revenue directly to the British government?
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Study Notes
Constitutional History of India
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East India Company (EIC) began as traders in 1600
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Before 1765, EIC had only trading rights under a charter
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1757: Battle of Plassey
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1764: Battle of Buxar
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Dual System of Government established by Robert Clive (1765 in Bengal)
- EIC held Diwani (revenue and civil justice) rights
- Nawab held Nizamat (police and judicial functions)
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The dual system destroyed trade, industry, and agriculture in Bengal, affecting EIC's income
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1772: Dual System abolished by Warren Hastings; British government regulated EIC
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1773: Regulating Act
- Beginning of control and regulation of EIC by British Parliament
- Recognized political and administrative functions of EIC for the first time
- Started the process of centralizing administration in British India
- Governor of Bengal became the Governor-General of Bengal
- Created an Executive Council of 4 members to assist Governor-General
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1781: Amendment Act (Act of Settlement)
- Defined the jurisdiction of the Supreme Court in Calcutta
- Rights of social and religious subjects were respected
- Governor-General, Council and servants of the Company were exempted from the jurisdiction of Supreme Court
- Appeals from provincial courts could go to the Governor-General's council and not the Supreme Court
- Governor-General's council empowered to frame regulations for the provincial courts and councils
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1784: Pitt's India Act
- Established a system of double government with the Court of Directors and the Board of Control
- Distinguished between political and commercial functions of the company
- British government gained supreme control over the company's affairs
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1793: Charter Act
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1813: Charter Act
- EIC's trade monopoly in India ended
- EIC still retained trade with China and the tea trade
- Funds established for encouraging education in India for natives
- Christian missionaries were permitted to preach religion in India
- Regulations from Madras, Bombay, and Calcutta were to be presented to the British parliament
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1833: Charter Act
- Governor-General of Bengal became the Governor-General of India
- Governor-General of India held exclusive legislative powers over the entire British territory in India
- Restrictions on European immigration and acquisition of property in India were lifted
- Indian laws coded and consolidated
- No Indian was denied employment due to their background
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1853: Charter Act
- EIC's function as a commercial body ended
- British territories in India were held in the name of the Crown
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1858: Government of India Act
- Ended the system of double government
- Transferred the powers of government, territories, and revenue to the British crown
- A new office of Secretary of State was created
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1861: Indian Councils Act
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1892: Indian Councils Act
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1909: Indian Councils Act (Morley-Minto Reforms)
- Expanded the size of both central and provincial legislative councils
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1919: Government of India Act (Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms)
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1935: Government of India Act.
- Introduced a federal structure with a Federal Legislature (Council of States and Legislative Assembly)
- Abolished dyarchy at the provincial level.
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1947: Indian Independence Act
- Ended British rule in India and created two independent dominions (India and Pakistan)
- Created Constituent Assemblies for both dominions to create their own constitution
- Abolished the office of Viceroy and ended the office of the Secretary of State for India
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Description
Explore the key events and milestones in the constitutional history of India, focusing on the role of the East India Company from its establishment in 1600 to the regulation acts of the 18th century. This quiz provides insights into the battles, governance structure, and impact on Indian society under British rule.
