Congressional Structure and Elections

False (B)

The census is a survey conducted every 10 years to count the population and determine the number of congressional districts each state is entitled to.

<p>Baker v. Carr</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Redistricting = The process of redrawing district boundaries to ensure equal population representation Gerrymandering = Manipulating district boundaries to favor a specific political party Census = A survey conducted every 10 years to count the population and determine the number of congressional districts each state is entitled to Incumbent = A current holder of a political office seeking re-election</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Must have a law degree (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The House of Representatives is based on population, with each state having a number of representatives proportional to its population. The Senate, on the other hand, provides equal representation for each state, with two senators per state, regardless of population size.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Executive Committee (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To negotiate compromise bills between versions passed by the House and Senate.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>President pro tempore</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Speaker = Leader of the House, chosen by the majority party Majority Leader = Guides party members, sets policy and agenda for the majority Minority Leader = Leads the minority party, sets their agenda President pro tempore = Temporary presiding officer of the Senate Whips = Help maintain party loyalty, coordinate members, and gather legislative support</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A discharge petition is a mechanism to force a bill out of committee and onto the floor for a vote. It requires a certain number of signatures from members to be successful.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>legislative veto</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Age Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To regulate and dismantle monopolies within the United States.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>War Powers</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Northwest Ordinance = Regulation of environmental impacts Hatch Act = Regulation of campaign finance Federal Election Campaign Acts = Regulation of government job selection Clean Air Acts = Preventing partisan political activity by government employees Pendleton Act = Guidelines for settling new territories and creating new states</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>New Deal Legislation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To allow public access to government documents.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Unfunded Mandates Reform</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Americans with Disabilities Act (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To improve education standards and achievement across different schools and states.</p> Signup and view all the answers

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<p>Administering civil service examinations and hiring based on merit. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Pendleton Act was passed to establish a merit-based civil service system and end the patronage system, which gave government jobs based on political support.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>iron triangle</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Presidents can promote supporters to key positions within agencies and use the budget to increase or decrease the influence of specific agencies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Political affiliation is a primary consideration for hiring. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Preponderance of evidence (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Federal Circuit Court of Appeals hears appeals from Federal District Courts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Supreme Court</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The court ruled that the state was using racial bias in its redistricting. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>State Supreme Court (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Packing and Cracking</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The solicitor general represents the federal government in cases before the Supreme Court.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>judicial review</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>taxing and spending</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Filibuster = A strategy to delay a vote on a bill in the Senate by extending debate indefinitely. Cloture = A vote required to end a filibuster in the Senate. Riders = Amendments added to a bill that may not be directly related to the bill's topic. Pork barrel = Spending projects that benefit a specific region or constituency but may not have national significance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Marbury v. Madison (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To determine how long a bill will be debated and whether amendments are allowed. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Amicus curiae briefs aim to influence the Supreme Court justices by presenting arguments from interested parties outside of the main litigants.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Delegates aim to mirror the views of their district while trustees use their own judgment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>secret meeting</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>earmark</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Memorandum opinion (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To negotiate a compromise bill between the House and Senate versions. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Judicial activist</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Failure to pass a compromise bill in conference committee and presidential veto.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Federal District Courts = Original jurisdiction Federal Circuit Court of Appeals = Appellate jurisdiction Supreme Court = Appellate jurisdiction State Supreme Court = Appellate jurisdiction</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>House of Representatives</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>life</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Declaring war. (F)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Impeachment</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Packing concentrates minorities into a single district, while cracking divides minorities across many districts. Both tactics aim to reduce minority voting power.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Declaring war (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chief of Staff</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Literalist</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Formal Powers = Powers explicitly granted by the Constitution Informal Powers = Powers derived from tradition, custom, or public persuasion Literalist Doctrine = Belief in a narrow interpretation of presidential power Stewardship Doctrine = Belief in a broader interpretation of presidential power Unitary Executive Theory = Belief in near-unlimited executive branch power</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Supreme Court (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Impeachment</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>prosecution</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Natural Law (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Equal justice under the law</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>14th</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Equal protection under the law (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Plea bargain</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The number of justices on the court can be changed by Congress (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Policy implementation</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Securities and Exchange Commission</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Department of Defense = Ensures a safe work environment for workers Federal Trade Commission = Controls how power companies design, build, and operate nuclear reactors Occupational Safety and Health Administration = Prevents fraud in the marketplace Nuclear Regulatory Commission = Manages and administers the U.S. military Federal Communications Commission = Assigns broadcast frequencies and licenses radio and TV stations</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are designed to produce revenue to support themselves. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Independent agencies and independent regulatory commissions</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Federal Trade Commission</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are directly accountable to the president and Congress. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The bureaucracy can be a source of strength for the president because it provides the means to implement policies, but it can also be a source of weakness because it can resist the president's agenda or implement it in ways that the president did not intend.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Department of Defense</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They report directly to the president and the Secretary of Defense. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The merit system is based on hiring and promoting individuals based on their skills and experience, rather than on political connections, which helps to create a more competent and professional bureaucracy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>USPS (United States Postal Service)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is written by a justice who votes with the majority but disagrees with the legal reasoning. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Interest groups can lobby bureaucrats, provide information, and even offer bribes to gain influence over policy decisions and implementation. They often have more direct access to bureaucrats than do ordinary citizens, giving them considerable power over policy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To establish a merit-based system for government job selection (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Literacy tests</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hatch</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sherman Anti-Trust Act (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Social Security</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Freedom of Information</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Civil Rights Act = Preventing discrimination in public places Age Discrimination in Employment Act = Protection against age discrimination Voting Rights Act = Eliminating barriers to voting Americans with Disabilities Act = Protecting rights of disabled individuals</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It permitted voter registration with driver's licenses. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Analyze the impact of unfunded mandates on states</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bipartisan Campaign Reform</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Freedom of Information Act (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Clean Air Act = Regulating environmental impact Sherman Anti-Trust Act = Regulating monopolies Hatch Act = Limiting political activity of government employees No Child Left Behind Act = Mandating educational accountability</p> Signup and view all the answers

A legislature with two separate chambers: the House and Senate.

A survey conducted every 10 years to count the population and assign congressional districts.

The process of redrawing district boundaries to ensure equal population representation.

Manipulating district boundaries to favor one political party over another.

An officeholder who is seeking re-election.

A landmark case where the Supreme Court ruled redistricting must adhere to equal population standards.

A doctrine ensuring each person's vote carries equal weight in legislative representation.

Held every two years with six-year terms, where candidates are often more competitive.

Supreme Court case ruling racial gerrymandering in NC violated equal protection clause.

Legislation aimed at increasing minority representation in Congress.

Districts designed to ensure majority representation for minorities.

Isolating minority voters into a single district to minimize their influence elsewhere.

Dividing minority voters across several districts to dilute their votes.

Redrawing districts so incumbents are forced to compete against each other.

Moving an incumbent's home into a different district through redistricting.

Constitutional provision granting Congress power over budgetary decisions.

Senate tactic to delay a bill's vote through extended debate or speeches.

A procedure to end a filibuster, requiring a vote of 60 senators.

Amendments attached to bills, often unrelated to the main topic.

A president's tactic to let a bill die by not signing it while Congress is adjourned.

Ability for a president to veto specific parts of a bill, allowed temporarily to Clinton.

The party being accused in a civil lawsuit.

An agreement between parties to resolve a case without going to trial.

The standard required for plaintiffs to win in civil cases, needing more than 51% proof.

A group of citizens tasked with making a decision in a legal case.

The organization of the federal judiciary into three levels: District, Circuit, and Supreme Court.

The trial courts of the federal system with original jurisdiction.

Courts that review cases from District Courts and decide on appeals.

The highest court in the U.S. that interprets constitutional issues.

Judges are nominated by the president and confirmed by the Senate for life.

The power to declare legislation unconstitutional, established by Marbury v. Madison.

A document requesting a lower court's records for a case review by the Supreme Court.

Documents submitted by interested parties to influence a court's decision.

A court opinion where all justices agree on the ruling, carrying great weight.

A philosophy where judges avoid overturning laws unless clearly unconstitutional.

A philosophy where judges are willing to overturn laws and precedents.

A Supreme Court case that declared the legislative veto unconstitutional.

Permanent committees in Congress that focus on specific areas of legislation.

Committees that include members from both the House and Senate.

A smaller committee formed within a larger committee to focus on specific tasks.

A term for when a bill is stuck in committee and not considered for a vote.

A tool used to force a bill out of committee for a floor vote.

Meetings where committees amend and rewrite parts of bills.

The leader of the House of Representatives, chosen by the majority party.

An honorary position in the Senate, usually held by the oldest member of the majority party.

The most voted opinion that decides a case in court.

A separate opinion agreeing with the majority but differing on legal reasoning.

Written by justices in the minority, challenging the majority's decision.

Factors that restrict the power of the Supreme Court.

Organizational structure ensuring policies are effectively implemented.

Hiring and promoting bureaucrats based on skills and experience.

Largest executive department, responsible for military matters.

The primary role of the bureaucracy in executing laws passed by Congress.

Hybrid entities that function like private businesses but are government agencies.

Agencies that enforce rules and regulations within their sectors.

Agencies that write rules to fill gaps in legislation.

A regulatory body that prevents fraud and maintains competition.

Regulates interstate communications by radio, television, wire, and cable.

Agency ensuring safe working conditions for employees.

Panels that run regulatory agencies, appointed by the president.

Pressure from a party or outside groups to sway voting decisions.

Political Action Committees that donate to influence elections.

1883 law that established a merit-based system for government jobs.

1890 act to regulate and dismantle monopolies.

1939 legislation allowing government employees to vote but not participate in politics.

Series of laws regulating air pollution from factories and vehicles.

1973 act limiting presidential power to commit troops without Congress approval.

1965 act that eliminated literacy tests and protected voter registration.

1964 act prohibiting discrimination based on race, color, or religion.

1972 act banning gender discrimination in federally funded education.

1990 law protecting disabled Americans' rights and ensuring access.

1993 act allowing voter registration alongside driver's license issuance.

2001 law expanding government authority to combat terrorism post-9/11.

1996 welfare reform focusing on personal responsibility and state management.

2002 law limiting soft money donations and raising contribution caps.

Political considerations influence the appointment process of bureaucrats.

Permanent government employees resistant to political influence.

An alliance between an industry, lobbyists, and a congressional committee.

Congress has more authority over the bureaucracy than the president.

A system to hire government employees based on merit, not patronage.

The process of removing government restrictions and regulations.

A coalition of interest groups, Congress members, and bureaucrats formed around specific issues.

Official powers of the President include enforcing laws and handling foreign policy.

The President is the head of the armed forces and can mobilize military forces.

1964 legislation giving the President broad powers to use military force in Vietnam.

Powers not formally granted, such as leading legislation and setting agendas.

The President's platform to communicate and influence public opinion.

Belief that the President can only exercise powers explicitly listed in the Constitution.

View that the President can use any power not specifically denied by the Constitution.

Collection of agencies that assist the President in carrying out administrative duties.

Advisory body made up of department heads selected by the President and approved by the Senate.

Process by which Congress can remove the President for crimes, requiring majority in the House and two-thirds in the Senate.

Civil law deals with disputes between individuals, while criminal law addresses offenses against the state.

Legal principle that a person is considered innocent until proven guilty.

Group of jurors (24-48) that decides if there is enough evidence for a trial in criminal cases.

Negotiation where an accused agrees to a lesser crime to avoid trial, common in criminal law.