Congenital Rubella Syndrome and Cellular Damage
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Questions and Answers

What is the likely mechanism by which rubella infection causes birth defects?

  • Altered immune response in the fetus
  • Mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis (correct)
  • Direct invasion of fetal cells by the virus
  • Vitamin A deficiency

    • Which of the following is a characteristic feature of Congenital Rubella Syndrome?

  • Growth retardation
  • Cataracts (correct)
  • Hepatosplenomegaly
  • All of the above

    • What is the recommended treatment for rubella infection?

  • Supportive care
  • Antiviral medication
  • No specific treatment (correct)
  • MMR vaccination

    • What is the likely outcome of rubella infection on fetal cells?

    <p>Cell damage and apoptosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a complication of Congenital Rubella Syndrome?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary specimen used for laboratory diagnosis and identification of Coxsackie virus during the first few days of infection?

    <p>Throat washing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following complications is associated with Coxsackie virus infection in neonates?

    <p>Myocarditis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary route of transmission for rubella virus?

    <p>Airborne transmission through respiratory droplets</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism by which the cold virus causes sore throat?

    <p>Excess mucus production due to slowed cilia function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of retinoic acid in fetal development?

    <p>Stimulation of fetal growth and differentiation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is serology not a reliable method for diagnosing Coxsackie virus infection?

    <p>Due to the difficulty in distinguishing between different viral types</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of reverse transcription PCR in the diagnosis of Coxsackie virus infection?

    <p>To amplify viral nucleic acid for detection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary complication of rubella virus infection during the first trimester of pregnancy?

    <p>Congenital rubella syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the laboratory diagnostic method used to detect rubella virus antibodies?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic rash of rubella virus infection?

    <p>Maculopapular rash on the face, trunk, and extremities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary site of replication for poliovirus?

    <p>Oropharynx and GIT</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of individuals infected with poliovirus exhibit symptoms affecting the brain and spinal cord?

    <p>Less than 1%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the composition of the poliovirus genome?

    <p>30% RNA, 70% protein</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common vaccine type used to prevent poliovirus infection?

    <p>Inactivated Poliovirus Vaccine (IPV)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary sample used for the detection of poliovirus in the laboratory?

    <p>Stool</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary way to reduce the risk of getting colds?

    <p>Wash your hands with soap and water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic structure of Rotavirus?

    <p>Wheel-like appearance, nonenveloped, dsRNA virus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a way to ease symptoms of colds?

    <p>Getting vaccinated</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common cause of endemic severe diarrheal disease in infants and young children worldwide?

    <p>Rotavirus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mode of transmission of rhinovirus?

    <p>Airborne droplets or contaminated fomites</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the method used to confirm rhinovirus infection?

    <p>RT-PCR</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the shape of the rhinovirus capsid?

    <p>Icosahedral</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a complication of rhinovirus infection?

    <p>Otitis media</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the receptor used by rhinovirus to enter host cells?

    <p>ICAM-1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical site of rhinovirus replication in the host?

    <p>Epithelial cells of the nose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism by which rotavirus causes watery stool?

    <p>Damaged mitochondria fail to produce ATP, leading to increased calcium levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic feature of the viruses in the Paramyxoviridae family?

    <p>They are disseminated throughout the body and cause generalized disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of the proteins in viral envelope formation?

    <p>They participate in the viral envelope formation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary method of transmission for rotavirus?

    <p>Fecal-oral transmission</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary complication of rotavirus infection in infants and children?

    <p>Dehydration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the laboratory diagnosis method used to detect rotavirus?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary treatment for rotavirus infection?

    <p>Oral rehydration solutions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary control measure for rotavirus infection?

    <p>Wastewater treatment and sanitation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the morphology of the rotavirus?

    <p>Spherical and pleomorphic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic feature of the viral genome in Paramyxoviridae?

    <p>Linear, negative-sense, single-stranded RNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Rubella virus is a double-stranded RNA virus.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The only known host of the rubella virus is the fetus.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Vitamin A treatment is used to prevent rubella infection.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Congenital rubella is often seen in pregnant mothers who have received booster shots.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The rubella virus infects cells in the lower respiratory tract.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The incubation period of rubella is 7 days or less.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Viremia develops after 10 days and lasts until antibodies appear.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The rubella virus is transmitted through skin contact.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The rise of antibody will coincide with the disappearance of the rash.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Unvaccinated children are not a high-risk population for rubella infection.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following clinical manifestations of Congenital Rubella Syndrome with their descriptions:

    <p>Cataracts = Eye defect Growth retardation = Transient symptom of CRS Meningoencephalitis = Inflammation of the brain and meninges Hepatosplenomegaly = Enlargement of the liver and spleen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following mechanisms of rubella infection with their effects on fetal cells:

    <p>Mitochondrial dysfunction = Disruption of cellular energy production Apoptosis = Programmed cell death DNA alterations = Changes in the genetic material Vitamin A disruption = Impairment of cellular growth and development</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following characteristics of Congenital Rubella Syndrome with their descriptions:

    <p>Classic triads = Core set of symptoms including cataracts, deafness, and cardiac abnormalities Transient symptoms = Temporary symptoms that appear in the newborn and resolve on their own Multiple organ systems = Affected by birth defects caused by CRS Cardiac abnormalities = Heart defects resulting from CRS</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following terms related to rubella infection with their meanings:

    <p>Congenital = Present at birth Mitochondrial = Relating to the cell's energy-producing structures Apoptosis = Cell death Viremia = Presence of virus in the blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following features of CRS with their descriptions:

    <p>Growth retardation = Slowed growth rate Rash = Reddening of the skin Hepatosplenomegaly = Enlargement of the liver and spleen Jaundice = Yellowing of the skin and eyes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following prevention and control measures for rubella with their descriptions:

    <p>MMR vaccine = Vaccine that protects against measles, mumps, and rubella Booster shots = Additional doses of vaccine to boost immunity Vitamin A treatment = Prevention of birth defects Hygiene practices = Prevention of transmission</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following effects of rubella infection on fetal cells with their descriptions:

    <p>Mitochondrial damage = Disruption of cellular energy production DNA alterations = Changes in the genetic material Direct cellular damage = Immediate harm to fetal cells Vitamin A disruption = Impairment of cellular growth and development</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following characteristics of rubella virus with their descriptions:

    <p>Direct cellular damage = Ability to directly harm fetal cells Viremia = Presence of virus in the blood Mitochondrial dysfunction = Disruption of cellular energy production Apoptosis = Programmed cell death</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following clinical features of CRS with their descriptions:

    <p>Cataracts = Clouding of the lens in the eye Deafness = Hearing loss Cardiac abnormalities = Heart defects Rash = Reddening of the skin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following terms related to rubella infection with their meanings:

    <p>Fetal cells = Cells of the developing fetus Mitochondrial = Relating to the cell's energy-producing structures Vitamin A = Nutrient essential for fetal development Congenital = Present at birth</p> Signup and view all the answers

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