Congenital Heart Disease
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Questions and Answers

Which anesthesia maintenance method is recommended for Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) patients?

  • Succinylcholine
  • Ketamine with nitrous oxide (correct)
  • Propofol
  • Midazolam

    • What is a key consideration when managing muscle relaxants in TOF patients?

  • Avoiding histamine release (correct)
  • Promoting histamine release
  • Increasing PEEP
  • Maximizing inspiratory pressures

    • In Eisenmenger's Syndrome, what happens once pulmonary vascular resistance exceeds systemic vascular resistance?

  • The shunt closes
  • The shunt widens
  • Shunt reversal occurs (correct)
  • Systemic vascular resistance decreases

    • What is the treatment of choice for Tricuspid Atresia?

    <p>Lung transplant with repair of associated defects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which intervention is necessary to allow survival in Transposition of the Great Arteries (D-Transposition)?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary initial treatment strategy for Transposition of the Great Arteries before surgical intervention?

    <p>Prostaglandin E infusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the surgical procedure of choice for children and young adults with transposition of the great arteries?

    <p>Arterial switch</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In transposition of the great arteries (L-transposition), what is the resulting series circulation compared to D-transposition?

    <p>Series circulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of double aortic arch, what symptom is commonly associated with the compression of the trachea and esophagus?

    <p>Dysphagia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the preferred treatment for truncus arteriosus if pulmonary blood flow is excessive?

    <p>Band pulmonary arteries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition requires a connection between the left and right heart (VSD, ASD, PDA) for survival?

    <p>Total anomalous pulmonary venous return</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In hypoplastic left heart syndrome, what must be maintained with prostaglandin infusion?

    <p>PDA patency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common congenital heart defect?

    <p>Ventricular septal defect</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of defect may present with symptoms of heart failure in infancy?

    <p>Aortic stenosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What may lead to a decrease in pulmonary blood flow and arterial hypoxemia in Tetralogy of Fallot?

    <p>Increased PVR</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition results in a right-to-left shunt and risks thromboembolism?

    <p>Tricuspid atresia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What preductal anatomical location is associated with Coarctation of the aorta?

    <p>Just proximal to ductus arteriosus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can worsen a right-to-left shunt in the presence of right ventricular infundibular hypertrophy?

    <p>Sympathetic stimulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What medication class should be avoided in patients with ventricular septal defect if there's outflow obstruction due to infundibular spasm?

    <p><em>Beta-blockers</em></p> Signup and view all the answers

    What symptom may initially be seen in pulmonic stenosis?

    <p><em>Dyspnea on exertion</em></p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which procedure is more commonly performed by interventional cardiology in adolescents and young adults?

    <p><em>Balloon dilation</em></p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the ductus arteriosus in the fetal circulation?

    <p>Pumps deoxygenated blood from the SVC into the PA.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which congenital heart disease has the highest incidence among live births?

    <p>Ventricular septal defect</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes increased pulmonary blood flow and right ventricular hypertrophy in acyanotic diseases?

    <p>Left-to-right shunt</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is associated with a risk of paradoxical air embolism among its symptoms?

    <p>Atrial septal defect</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main cause of adverse outcome risk from endocarditis in cardiac transplant recipients?

    <p>Prosthetic cardiac valve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which congenital heart disease often results from spontaneous genetic mutations?

    <p>Atrial septal defect</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the threshold for closure in an atrial septal defect based on blood flow ratios?

    <p>&gt;1.5 x systemic flow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In Transposition of the Great Arteries, the L-Transposition results in a series circulation

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In Truncus Arteriosus, a single arterial trunk overrides both atria

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome involves hypoplasia of the mitral valve and aortic valve

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Double Aortic Arch forms a vascular ring around the trachea and esophagus causing bradycardia

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return involves reattaching the pulmonary veins to the right atrium

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

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