33 Questions
Which anesthesia maintenance method is recommended for Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) patients?
Ketamine with nitrous oxide
What is a key consideration when managing muscle relaxants in TOF patients?
Avoiding histamine release
In Eisenmenger's Syndrome, what happens once pulmonary vascular resistance exceeds systemic vascular resistance?
Shunt reversal occurs
What is the treatment of choice for Tricuspid Atresia?
Lung transplant with repair of associated defects
Which intervention is necessary to allow survival in Transposition of the Great Arteries (D-Transposition)?
All of the above
What is the primary initial treatment strategy for Transposition of the Great Arteries before surgical intervention?
Prostaglandin E infusion
What is the surgical procedure of choice for children and young adults with transposition of the great arteries?
Arterial switch
In transposition of the great arteries (L-transposition), what is the resulting series circulation compared to D-transposition?
Series circulation
In the context of double aortic arch, what symptom is commonly associated with the compression of the trachea and esophagus?
Dysphagia
What is the preferred treatment for truncus arteriosus if pulmonary blood flow is excessive?
Band pulmonary arteries
Which condition requires a connection between the left and right heart (VSD, ASD, PDA) for survival?
Total anomalous pulmonary venous return
In hypoplastic left heart syndrome, what must be maintained with prostaglandin infusion?
PDA patency
What is the most common congenital heart defect?
Ventricular septal defect
What type of defect may present with symptoms of heart failure in infancy?
Aortic stenosis
What may lead to a decrease in pulmonary blood flow and arterial hypoxemia in Tetralogy of Fallot?
Increased PVR
Which condition results in a right-to-left shunt and risks thromboembolism?
Tricuspid atresia
What preductal anatomical location is associated with Coarctation of the aorta?
Just proximal to ductus arteriosus
What can worsen a right-to-left shunt in the presence of right ventricular infundibular hypertrophy?
Sympathetic stimulation
What medication class should be avoided in patients with ventricular septal defect if there's outflow obstruction due to infundibular spasm?
Beta-blockers
What symptom may initially be seen in pulmonic stenosis?
Dyspnea on exertion
Which procedure is more commonly performed by interventional cardiology in adolescents and young adults?
Balloon dilation
What is the main function of the ductus arteriosus in the fetal circulation?
Pumps deoxygenated blood from the SVC into the PA.
Which congenital heart disease has the highest incidence among live births?
Ventricular septal defect
What causes increased pulmonary blood flow and right ventricular hypertrophy in acyanotic diseases?
Left-to-right shunt
Which condition is associated with a risk of paradoxical air embolism among its symptoms?
Atrial septal defect
What is the main cause of adverse outcome risk from endocarditis in cardiac transplant recipients?
Prosthetic cardiac valve
Which congenital heart disease often results from spontaneous genetic mutations?
Atrial septal defect
What is the threshold for closure in an atrial septal defect based on blood flow ratios?
>1.5 x systemic flow
In Transposition of the Great Arteries, the L-Transposition results in a series circulation
True
In Truncus Arteriosus, a single arterial trunk overrides both atria
False
Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome involves hypoplasia of the mitral valve and aortic valve
True
Double Aortic Arch forms a vascular ring around the trachea and esophagus causing bradycardia
False
Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return involves reattaching the pulmonary veins to the right atrium
False
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