27 Questions
What is the main difference between prenatal and postnatal circulation in a child?
Blood bypasses the lungs in prenatal circulation, but not in postnatal circulation.
Which factor does NOT contribute to heart failure in children?
Hypoglycemia
In heart failure, what are some symptoms of pulmonary congestion?
Orthopnea
Which diagnostic test is NOT commonly used for diagnosing heart failure in children?
CT scan
What is the main characteristic of right-sided heart failure?
Increased systemic venous pressure
What is one of the causes of heart failure related to pressure overload?
Heart blocks
Which category of congenital cardiac defects results from abnormalities occurring after birth?
'Acquired' defects
What is a major risk factor for infective endocarditis (IE)?
Artificial heart valves
Which congenital heart defect is characterized by damage to the heart valves due to an infection of the inner lining of the heart?
Tricuspid Atresia (TA)
Which congenital heart defect presents with symptoms like unexplained low-grade fever and embolus formation?
Tricuspid Atresia (TA)
What is a common complication of infective endocarditis that may lead to death?
Heart failure
Which congenital heart defect is associated with feeding difficulties and respiratory distress in neonates?
Tricuspid Atresia (TA)
What is the most common acquired heart disease in children?
Rheumatic Fever (RF)
Which sign/symptom is a minor clinical manifestation of rheumatic fever (RF)?
Joint pain
What is the treatment goal for rheumatic fever (RF)?
Eradicate streptococcal infection
What is a cardiac complication that may arise if Kawasaki Disease is left untreated?
Coronary artery aneurysms
What phase of Kawasaki Disease is characterized by red and cracked lips, conjunctival hyperemia, and rash?
Acute phase
Which heart defect involves an abnormal opening between the atria?
Atrial Septal Defect (ASD)
What is the most common anomaly in Congenital Heart Disease?
Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD)
What percentage of Congenital Heart Disease cases are caused by chromosomal/genetic factors?
10-12%
Which classification system of Congenital Heart Disease is based on the type of blood flow abnormality?
New classifications
What is the incidence of Congenital Heart Disease in live births?
1 in 110 live births
Which heart defect involves increased blood flow between all four heart chambers?
Atrioventricular Canal Defect (AVC)
What is a major cause of death in the first year of life, accounting for 4.2% of all neonatal deaths?
Congenital Heart Disease
Which defect involves an abnormal opening between the right and left ventricles?
Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD)
What are the causes of Congenital Heart Disease?
Multifactorial, chromosomal/genetic, and maternal or environmental factors
Which heart defect involves increased oxygenated blood flow to the right side of the heart?
Atrial Septal Defect (ASD)
Learn about the incidence rates, major causes, and common anomalies related to Congenital Heart Disease (CHD). Understand the different factors contributing to CHD and its significance in neonatal deaths.
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