Congenital Heart Disease (CHD) Overview
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Questions and Answers

What is the main difference between prenatal and postnatal circulation in a child?

  • Blood enters the lungs in prenatal circulation, but not in postnatal circulation.
  • Blood bypasses the lungs in prenatal circulation, but not in postnatal circulation. (correct)
  • Blood bypasses the heart in prenatal circulation, but not in postnatal circulation.
  • Blood enters the pulmonary artery in prenatal circulation, but not in postnatal circulation.

    • Which factor does NOT contribute to heart failure in children?

  • Severe anemia
  • Cardiomegaly
  • Hyperthyroidism
  • Hypoglycemia (correct)

    • In heart failure, what are some symptoms of pulmonary congestion?

  • Hepatomegaly
  • Peripheral edema
  • Orthopnea (correct)
  • Anorexia

    • Which diagnostic test is NOT commonly used for diagnosing heart failure in children?

    <p>CT scan (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main characteristic of right-sided heart failure?

    <p>Increased systemic venous pressure (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the causes of heart failure related to pressure overload?

    <p>Heart blocks (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which category of congenital cardiac defects results from abnormalities occurring after birth?

    <p>'Acquired' defects (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a major risk factor for infective endocarditis (IE)?

    <p>Artificial heart valves (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which congenital heart defect is characterized by damage to the heart valves due to an infection of the inner lining of the heart?

    <p>Tricuspid Atresia (TA) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which congenital heart defect presents with symptoms like unexplained low-grade fever and embolus formation?

    <p>Tricuspid Atresia (TA) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common complication of infective endocarditis that may lead to death?

    <p>Heart failure (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which congenital heart defect is associated with feeding difficulties and respiratory distress in neonates?

    <p>Tricuspid Atresia (TA) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common acquired heart disease in children?

    <p>Rheumatic Fever (RF) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which sign/symptom is a minor clinical manifestation of rheumatic fever (RF)?

    <p>Joint pain (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the treatment goal for rheumatic fever (RF)?

    <p>Eradicate streptococcal infection (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a cardiac complication that may arise if Kawasaki Disease is left untreated?

    <p>Coronary artery aneurysms (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What phase of Kawasaki Disease is characterized by red and cracked lips, conjunctival hyperemia, and rash?

    <p>Acute phase (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which heart defect involves an abnormal opening between the atria?

    <p>Atrial Septal Defect (ASD) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common anomaly in Congenital Heart Disease?

    <p>Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of Congenital Heart Disease cases are caused by chromosomal/genetic factors?

    <p>10-12% (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which classification system of Congenital Heart Disease is based on the type of blood flow abnormality?

    <p>New classifications (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the incidence of Congenital Heart Disease in live births?

    <p>1 in 110 live births (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which heart defect involves increased blood flow between all four heart chambers?

    <p>Atrioventricular Canal Defect (AVC) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a major cause of death in the first year of life, accounting for 4.2% of all neonatal deaths?

    <p>Congenital Heart Disease (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which defect involves an abnormal opening between the right and left ventricles?

    <p>Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the causes of Congenital Heart Disease?

    <p>Multifactorial, chromosomal/genetic, and maternal or environmental factors (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which heart defect involves increased oxygenated blood flow to the right side of the heart?

    <p>Atrial Septal Defect (ASD) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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