Computer Tools for Information Age Lecture 1-3
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of data buses in a computer system?

  • To manage the power supply to different components
  • To store permanent data that can be modified
  • To facilitate the connection of external devices
  • To allow the flow of information between the mainboard and storage devices (correct)

    • Which of the following best describes an expansion slot?

  • A type of ROM for long-term data storage
  • A connection point for additional hardware components (correct)
  • A specialized memory type that can only be accessed by the CPU
  • A bus system that transfers data between devices

    • What is a characteristic feature of Read Only Memory (ROM)?

  • It is designed for temporary storage of data.
  • It is the primary memory used during system operation.
  • It retains its contents even when power is turned off. (correct)
  • It can be both read from and written to frequently.

    • Which statement is incorrect regarding data buses?

    <p>They serve only to connect the CPU to the ROM.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do ROM chips play in a computer?

    <p>They store essential instructions required for system boot-up.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component of the computer is primarily responsible for executing instructions?

    <p>Central Processing Unit (CPU)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does the Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) play within the CPU?

    <p>It performs mathematical and logical operations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of memory is volatile and used for temporary data storage while a computer is operating?

    <p>Random Access Memory (RAM)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component acts as a communication system that transfers data between various parts of the computer?

    <p>Bus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What function does Read Only Memory (ROM) serve in a computer system?

    <p>It stores firmware and is non-volatile.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Computer Tools for Information Age Lecture 1-3

    • The lecture covers an introduction to Information Technology (IT), IT usages and applications, computer architecture, computer networks, the internet, ethical computing, security and privacy, flowcharts and computer programming, databases, and artificial intelligence.

    Objectives

    • Introduction to IT
    • IT usages and applications
    • Computer architecture
    • Computer networks
    • Internet
    • Ethical computing, security, and privacy
    • Flowcharts and computer programming
    • Databases
    • Artificial intelligence

    Information Society

    • Information societies depend heavily on Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs).
    • ICTs facilitate easier and more effective communication.
    • Information is more accessible to everyone.

    Parts of a Computer

    • Expansion cards
    • Motherboard
    • CPU cooler
    • Computer case
    • PSU
    • SSD
    • HDD
    • RS
    • Monitor
    • Keyboard
    • Mouse

    Computer Components

    • Input devices send data to the central processing unit (CPU)
    • Secondary storage devices store data and programs
    • The CPU executes instructions given by the software. This is done by the hardware
    • The memory holds data and programs that are currently in use
    • Output devices display processed data

    Main Characteristics

    • Speed (measured in GHz)
    • Reliability
    • Capacity (measured in GB)

    Information System Pillars

    • Hardware: Physical components like wires, transistors, and circuits
    • Software: Instructions and data
    • People: The users or operators of the system

    Applications

    • Healthcare
    • Communication
    • Education (OL exams, eResources)
    • Employment (software, data scientists)
    • National Security (e.g., face recognition, fingerprint)
    • Governance
    • Entertainment (e.g., watch it, Flex-Shahed-3-7D)
    • Finance
    • Transportation (e.g. GPS, Uber, smart autopilot, ATC)
    • Virtual and Augmented Reality

    Computer Definition

    • A computer is a programmable machine.
    • It accepts data (input), processes it, produces useful information (output), and stores it.

    Parts of a CPU

    • Central processing unit (CPU)
    • Arithmetic logic unit (ALU)
    • Instruction fetcher
    • Registers
    • Instruction decoder
    • Random access memory (RAM)
    • Read-only memory (ROM)
    • Cache
    • Bus
    • Peripheral devices

    Memory and Storage

    • Memory (RAM): temporarily stores data and programs.
    • Mass storage devices (e.g., hard drives): permanently store large amounts of data.
    • Input devices (e.g., keyboard, mouse): used to enter data.
    • Output devices (e.g., monitor, printer): display processed data.
    • Central processing unit (CPU): The heart of the computer, it executes instructions.

    Data and Signals

    • Information in computing is usually called data.
    • Data buses allow information to transfer between different parts of the computer.
    • Expansion slots/ports are used to connect extra components.
    • ROM is a read-only memory.

    Storage Devices

    • Disk (a spinning platter): stores data.
    • Disk drive: moves data to and from a disk.
    • Hard Disk Drive (HDD): Stores data permanently.
    • CD-ROM Drive: Reads data from a CD-ROM.
    • DVD Drive: Reads data from a DVD-ROM, typically with higher capacity.
    • Floppy Drive (FDD): Used for saving data in older computers.

    CPU Diagram

    • CPU (with Instruction Decoder, Instruction Fetcher, ALU, Cache memory and Registers)
    • Main Memory (RAM and ROM)
    • Memory Bus

    Processor (CPU)

    • Converts data into useful information
    • Interprets and executes instructions
    • Communicates with input, output, and storage

    Types of Storage

    • Secondary storage: long-term storage
    • Primary storage (memory): temporary storage

    Primary Storage (Memory)

    • Temporary storage
    • Holds input for processing
    • Holds processing results
    • Holds programs to control and manipulate input/output
    • Volatile (data lost when power is off)

    Secondary Storage

    • Long-term storage
    • Non-volatile (data persists when power is off)
    • Magnetic disks (e.g., hard disk, diskette)
    • Optical disks (e.g., CD-ROM, DVD-ROM)
    • Magnetic tapes (primarily for backups)

    Input Devices

    • Accept data/commands
    • Convert them to electronic form
    • Typing on a keyboard
    • Pointing with a mouse
    • Scanning

    Output Devices

    • Convert electronic data to other forms (e.g., visual, printed)
    • Display processed results
    • Text, numbers, symbols, art, photographs, video
    • Monitor, screen, printer.

    Network

    • Definition: A system that connects computers and their resources, using communication equipment.
    • Types: -Local Area Network (LAN) -Metropolitan Area Network (MAN) -Wide Area Network (WAN)

    Internet

    • Collection of networks
    • No single owner
    • No central source for services
    • No centralized index of available information

    Getting Connected

    • User's computer connects to a server.
    • Server communication using TCP/IP.
    • Users access servers through ISP (Internet Service Provider)

    Internet Services

    • World Wide Web (WWW)
    • File Transfer Protocol (FTP)
    • E-mail
    • UseNet
    • Internet Relay Chat (IRC)
    • Bulletin Boards

    World Wide Web

    • Browser is a program to navigate the web.
    • Point and click on text and graphics.
    • Web page
    • Web site
    • Home page

    Computer Classifications

    • Based on needs
    • Size, speed, cost, portability
    • Number of simultaneous users supported
    • Available software
    • Typical use cases

    Computer Examples

    • Desktop computers
    • Laptop computers
    • Tablets
    • Smart phones
    • Phone camera
    • GPS
    • Touch screen
    • Servers
    • Mainframe computers
    • Embedded systems
    • Aircraft
    • Weapon systems
    • Automobiles
    • Gaming systems
    • GPS systems
    • Robotic systems
    • Manufacturing systems
    • Vision systems
    • Wearable devices (Fitbit, Apple Watch, Google Glass, Body Cameras)

    Computer Generations

    • Vacuum Tubes
    • Transistors
    • Integrated Circuits
    • Microprocessor Chip
    • Artificial Intelligence

    Fifth Generation of Computers

    • Use Artificial Intelligence
    • Parallel processing
    • Natural language processing
    • Quantum computing
    • Connectivity
    • Robotics
    • Ultra Large Scale Integration Circuits
    • Consume very little power
    • Extremely fast
    • Fast RAM
    • Very small and cheaper

    Computer Classification Pyramid

    • Classifies computers by computational power and price range.
    • From embedded to supercomputers.

    Common Computer Types

    • Personal computer
    • Workstation
    • Mini-computer
    • Mainframe
    • Supercomputer
    • Drone technologies go public
    • 3D printers at the next level
    • Voice recognition getting better
    • First flying car
    • Virtual reality gets real
    • Lab grown burger
    • Wearable technology
    • High definition displays
    • Hard drives filled with helium
    • Argus retinal prosthesis
    • Internet time by device
    • Device ownership
    • Internet users over time
    • Social media users
    • Daily time spent using social media
    • Time spent on mobile phones
    • Internet use by demographics

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    Related Documents

    Lect 1-3 Introduction to IT Lecture Notes PDF

    Description

    This quiz covers the essentials of Information Technology, including its usages, computer architecture, networks, and ethical computing. You'll explore topics like databases, artificial intelligence, and the components of a computer. Test your knowledge on how these elements shape the Information Society.

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