Computer Systems and Number Systems Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is a key characteristic of a digital system?

It relies solely on analog signals.

It operates without a control unit.

It uses continuous values.

It manipulates discrete elements of information. (correct)

Which component is considered the brain of the computer?

Control unit

Arithmetic Logic Unit

Central Processing Unit (correct)

Memory

What role does memory play in a computer system?

It manages input and output circuits.

It generates electric impulses.

It stores the program and data before execution. (correct)

It executes instructions directly.

Which section of a computer directs the operation of all other sections?

Control Unit Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU)?

Performs calculations and logical decisions. Signup and view all the answers

What type of system uses signals that take only discrete values?

Digital system Signup and view all the answers

In the context of digital systems, what does the term 'discrete elements' refer to?

Electric impulses and meaningful symbols. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a component of a digital computer?

Analog-to-digital converter Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes flip-flops compared to latches?

Flip-flops depend on clock pulses. Signup and view all the answers

How does the output state of an SR flip-flop change?

By the clock pulse rising or falling. Signup and view all the answers

What type of flip-flop is considered the most versatile?

JK Flip Flop Signup and view all the answers

What does the D in D Flip Flop stand for?

Data Signup and view all the answers

What is a key feature of master-slave flip-flops?

Data is entered during the leading edge of the clock pulse. Signup and view all the answers

Which flip-flop changes its output on every clock edge?

T Flip Flop Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the input state of the SR flip-flop when the enable input is low?

The input state is not recognized. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is true about the operation of latches?

They maintain state based on the enable input level. Signup and view all the answers

What is the main role of a Half Adder?

To perform addition of two binary digits without a carry in Signup and view all the answers

Which component is specifically designed to decode combinations of three input bits?

3-to-8 Decoder Signup and view all the answers

How many outputs does a 2-to-4 Decoder produce?

4 Signup and view all the answers

What does a BCD-to-Seven Segment Decoder convert?

Binary coded decimal input into a format for a 7-segment display Signup and view all the answers

What is a common feature of both Common Anode and Common Cathode Decoders?

They can drive 7-segment displays Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes a Full Subtractor?

Subtraction of three bits with borrow in and out Signup and view all the answers

In what application are Positional Encoders primarily used?

In mobile robotics for location determination Signup and view all the answers

What is a key difference between a Half Adder and a Full Adder?

The ability to produce a carry out Signup and view all the answers

What does the 'D' in D latch represent?

Data Signup and view all the answers

Which type of latch is known for removing the indefinite state of S=1 and R=1?

JK Latch Signup and view all the answers

What is the main characteristic of flip-flops compared to latches?

Their output changes only when triggered by a clock input. Signup and view all the answers

What is the output behavior of a T latch when the enable line is high?

It toggles based on the input. Signup and view all the answers

What type of gates commonly construct an SR latch?

NOR gates Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes latches?

Latches are considered asynchronous circuits. Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of Random Access Memory (RAM)?

It is volatile and temporarily stores data. Signup and view all the answers

What defines the stability of a latch?

It has multiple stable states. Signup and view all the answers

What does EEPROM stand for?

Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory Signup and view all the answers

Which type of memory requires a constant power supply to retain data?

Random Access Memory (RAM) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the NOT gate in a T latch’s feedback loop?

To invert the input signal. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary use of ROM in computers?

To program firmware that remains unchanged. Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes Flash ROM from traditional EEPROM?

Flash ROM can be erased in blocks. Signup and view all the answers

In which scenario would you predominantly use a Programmable ROM (PROM)?

For applications where data is written only once. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory (EPROM)?

It can be erased using a high electrical charge. Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of BIOS in computers?

To control the basic input/output operations of the computer. Signup and view all the answers

What is a common number of pins for Dual In-line Memory Module (DIMM)?

168 Signup and view all the answers

Which type of RAM uses flip flops as the basic storage element?

Static RAM (SRAM) Signup and view all the answers

What is the transfer data rate of Rambus Dynamic RAM (RDRAM)?

800 MHz Signup and view all the answers

How many pins does Rambus In-Line Memory Module (RIMM) typically have?

232 Signup and view all the answers

Which type of memory retains its content even when the power is turned off?

Non Volatile RAM (NVRAM) Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary function of cache memory?

It bridges the main memory and the microprocessor. Signup and view all the answers

What voltage is used by Dual Data RAM (DDR)?

2.5 volts Signup and view all the answers

Which RAM operates at a speed of 333 MHz?

Dual Data RAM (DDR) Signup and view all the answers

False Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Analog and Digital Systems

An analog system uses continuous values.
A digital system uses discrete values.
Examples of digital systems include telephone switching exchanges, digital multimeters, digital counters, electronic calculators, and digital displays.

Units of a Computer

CPU (Central Processing Unit): The brain of the computer, performing calculations.
Memory: Stores programs and data.
I/O (Input/Output): Circuits for getting data in and out of the computer.
Control Unit: The central part of the computer, directing operations.
Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU): Performs calculations and logical decisions.
Register: Stores digital data.

Number Systems

Binary Numeral System: Uses two symbols (0 and 1).
Octal Numeral System: Base 8, uses digits 0-7.
Decimal Numeral System: Base 10, uses digits 0-9, most common.
Hexadecimal Numeral System: Base 16, used in computer memory addresses.

Logic Gates

AND gate: Output is high when all inputs are high.
OR gate: Output is high when at least one input is high.
NOT gate (Inverter): Output is the opposite of the input.
NOR gate: Output is the opposite of an OR gate.
NAND gate: Output is the opposite of an AND gate.
XOR gate: Output is high only when the inputs have odd parity.
XNOR gate: Output is the opposite of an XOR gate.

Logic Circuits (Standard Logic Gates)

Logic circuits use input and output signals in two states (high or low).
Logic gates combine multiple input signals to produce a single output.
Truth tables are used to portray various possible input/output combinations.

Karnaugh Map

A graphic display of fundamental products to show truth table data.
Sum of Products (SOP) uses AND-OR circuits.
Maxterm uses sum terms containing all input variables (either normal or complemented format.)

Boolean Algebra

Boolean constants are '0' (false) and '1' (true).
Boolean variables can only take values '0' or '1'.
Boolean functions use AND, OR, and NOT logic.
Boolean theorems are a set of identities and laws for simplifying expressions.

Consensus Theorem

Simplification method for Boolean expressions.

Combinational Circuits

Combinational circuits are logical entities.
Consist of input variables, logic gates, and output variables.
Half adder circuits only calculate the 'carry out'
Full adder circuits produce both carry out and the sum results.

Half and Full Adders

Use inputs to produce a sum and a carry output.

Half and Full Subtractors

Perform binary subtraction using inputs and produce a difference and a borrow output.

Multi-vibrators

Electronic circuits with two stable states.
Used to generate rectangular / square waves.
Types : Astable(No stable state), Monostable(one stable state), Bistable(two stable states)

Latches

Store one bit of information, which can also be considered asynchronous circuit types.
Types: SR latch, JK latch, D latch
Used in storing data, especially in memory applications.

Flip-Flops

Synchronous bistable circuits.
Output changes only when the clock is active or triggered.
Examples are SR flip-flop, T flip-flop, JK flip-flop, D flip-flop

Flip-Flops and Memory Devices

Master-Slave Flip-Flops
Edge triggered flip flops
Types : SR, JK, D, T
Various types of counters use flip flops

Registers

Consist of one or more flip-flops.
Used to store data.
Shift registers perform serial input to serial or parallel output.

Counters

Used to count.
Types: Binary Up counter, Binary Down Counter, Skipping Counter, BCD Counter, Ring Counter, Johnson Counter

Decoders

Multiple inputs and outputs.
Transform coded inputs into coded outputs.

Multiplexers and Demultiplexers

Combine multiple signals into one.
Separate one signal into multiple signals.

Memory Devices

RAM, ROM, PROM, EPROM, EEPROM, Flash ROM are all types of memory used to store and retrieve electronically stored data.

Bilateral Switches

Analog switches consisting of transistors.

Memory Modules

SIMM(Single In-Line Memory Module)
DIMM(Dual In-Line Memory Module)
RIMM(Rambus In-Line Memory Module) are memory modules which form part of the physical architecture of computing devices (eg PC's)

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Description

Test your knowledge on analog and digital systems, computer units, number systems, and logic gates. This quiz covers essential concepts that form the foundation of computer science. Perfect for students eager to solidify their understanding of these key topics.