Computer Systems and Number Systems Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is a key characteristic of a digital system?

  • It relies solely on analog signals.
  • It operates without a control unit.
  • It uses continuous values.
  • It manipulates discrete elements of information. (correct)

Which component is considered the brain of the computer?

  • Control unit
  • Arithmetic Logic Unit
  • Central Processing Unit (correct)
  • Memory

What role does memory play in a computer system?

  • It manages input and output circuits.
  • It generates electric impulses.
  • It stores the program and data before execution. (correct)
  • It executes instructions directly.

Which section of a computer directs the operation of all other sections?

<p>Control Unit (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU)?

<p>Performs calculations and logical decisions. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of system uses signals that take only discrete values?

<p>Digital system (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of digital systems, what does the term 'discrete elements' refer to?

<p>Electric impulses and meaningful symbols. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a component of a digital computer?

<p>Analog-to-digital converter (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes flip-flops compared to latches?

<p>Flip-flops depend on clock pulses. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the output state of an SR flip-flop change?

<p>By the clock pulse rising or falling. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of flip-flop is considered the most versatile?

<p>JK Flip Flop (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the D in D Flip Flop stand for?

<p>Data (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key feature of master-slave flip-flops?

<p>Data is entered during the leading edge of the clock pulse. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which flip-flop changes its output on every clock edge?

<p>T Flip Flop (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the input state of the SR flip-flop when the enable input is low?

<p>The input state is not recognized. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is true about the operation of latches?

<p>They maintain state based on the enable input level. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main role of a Half Adder?

<p>To perform addition of two binary digits without a carry in (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which component is specifically designed to decode combinations of three input bits?

<p>3-to-8 Decoder (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many outputs does a 2-to-4 Decoder produce?

<p>4 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a BCD-to-Seven Segment Decoder convert?

<p>Binary coded decimal input into a format for a 7-segment display (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common feature of both Common Anode and Common Cathode Decoders?

<p>They can drive 7-segment displays (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes a Full Subtractor?

<p>Subtraction of three bits with borrow in and out (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what application are Positional Encoders primarily used?

<p>In mobile robotics for location determination (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key difference between a Half Adder and a Full Adder?

<p>The ability to produce a carry out (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the 'D' in D latch represent?

<p>Data (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of latch is known for removing the indefinite state of S=1 and R=1?

<p>JK Latch (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main characteristic of flip-flops compared to latches?

<p>Their output changes only when triggered by a clock input. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the output behavior of a T latch when the enable line is high?

<p>It toggles based on the input. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of gates commonly construct an SR latch?

<p>NOR gates (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes latches?

<p>Latches are considered asynchronous circuits. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of Random Access Memory (RAM)?

<p>It is volatile and temporarily stores data. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What defines the stability of a latch?

<p>It has multiple stable states. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does EEPROM stand for?

<p>Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of memory requires a constant power supply to retain data?

<p>Random Access Memory (RAM) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the NOT gate in a T latch’s feedback loop?

<p>To invert the input signal. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary use of ROM in computers?

<p>To program firmware that remains unchanged. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes Flash ROM from traditional EEPROM?

<p>Flash ROM can be erased in blocks. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which scenario would you predominantly use a Programmable ROM (PROM)?

<p>For applications where data is written only once. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory (EPROM)?

<p>It can be erased using a high electrical charge. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of BIOS in computers?

<p>To control the basic input/output operations of the computer. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common number of pins for Dual In-line Memory Module (DIMM)?

<p>168 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of RAM uses flip flops as the basic storage element?

<p>Static RAM (SRAM) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the transfer data rate of Rambus Dynamic RAM (RDRAM)?

<p>800 MHz (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many pins does Rambus In-Line Memory Module (RIMM) typically have?

<p>232 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of memory retains its content even when the power is turned off?

<p>Non Volatile RAM (NVRAM) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary function of cache memory?

<p>It bridges the main memory and the microprocessor. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What voltage is used by Dual Data RAM (DDR)?

<p>2.5 volts (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which RAM operates at a speed of 333 MHz?

<p>Dual Data RAM (DDR) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Analog System

A system where information is represented by continuous values that can vary smoothly.

Digital System

A system that processes information using discrete values, typically represented by 0s and 1s.

Central Processing Unit (CPU)

The brain of a computer, responsible for calculations and processing instructions.

Memory

The part of a computer that stores data and programs, allowing them to be accessed by the CPU.

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I/O (Input/Output)

The parts of a computer system that handle input (e.g., keyboard) and output (e.g., monitor).

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Control Unit

The component in a computer that controls the flow of instructions and manages the overall system.

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Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU)

The part of the CPU responsible for arithmetic and logic operations, performing calculations and comparisons.

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Register

A collection of electronic components that stores and manipulates digital data.

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Half Adder

A circuit that adds two binary digits, producing a sum and a carry-out bit. It doesn't accept a carry-in.

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Full Adder

A circuit that adds three binary digits, including a carry-in, producing a sum and a carry-out bit.

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Half Subtractor

A circuit that subtracts two binary digits, producing a difference and a borrow-out bit. It doesn't accept a borrow-in.

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Full Subtractor

A circuit that subtracts three binary digits, including a borrow-in, producing a difference and a borrow-out bit.

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2-to-4 Decoder

A circuit that converts two binary inputs (A and B) into four unique output lines (1, 2, 3, 4).

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3-to-8 Line Decoder

A circuit that decodes three input bits into eight unique output lines. Useful for representing all possible combinations of three bits.

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BCD-to-Seven Segment Decoder

A circuit that converts BCD (Binary Coded Decimal) input into a specific output form to drive a 7-segment display.

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Decimal-to-BCD Encoder

A circuit that converts decimal input (0-9) into its corresponding BCD (Binary Coded Decimal) output. It uses 10 inputs and 4 outputs.

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SRAM (Static RAM)

A type of RAM that uses flip-flops to store data, enabling fast access but using more power than DRAM.

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DRAM (Dynamic RAM)

A type of RAM that requires constant refreshing to retain data, making it more power-efficient but slower than SRAM.

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Cache Memory

A small, high-speed memory bank that acts as a buffer between the CPU and the main memory, improving data access speed.

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DIMM (Dual In-line Memory Module)

A type of RAM that uses a 64-bit connection and typically has 168 pins, providing efficient data transfer.

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RIMM (Rambus In-line Memory Module)

A type of RAM developed by Rambus Inc. with a high data transfer rate, commonly used in early Pentium 4 systems.

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NVRAM (Non-Volatile RAM)

A type of RAM that retains its data even when the power is off, making it ideal for storing configuration settings.

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DDR (Dual Data Rate)

A type of RAM that can transfer data at 333 MHz and has 284 pins, providing high performance and efficiency.

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RDRAM (Rambus Dynamic RAM)

A type of RAM designed to operate at a very high speed, capable of transferring data at 800 MHz.

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SR Latch

A basic latch circuit with two inputs, Set (S) and Reset (R), used to store one bit of information. It's built using two NOR gates and is considered asynchronous, meaning its output changes immediately when the input changes.

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D Latch

A variation of the SR latch that eliminates one input by driving both set and reset with a complementary signal. This simplifies the circuit and offers better control.

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JK Latch

An improvement on the SR latch that solves the undefined state issue when both inputs are '1'. It toggles the output (Q and Q') when both inputs are '1', effectively creating a 'toggle' behavior.

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T Latch

A type of latch created by shortening the inputs of a JK latch. It has a single input and produces a toggled output (flip-flop) whenever the enable line is high.

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Flip-Flop

A synchronous circuit with two stable states, capable of storing one bit of information. Its output changes only when a clock signal triggers it.

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Clock Signal

A square wave that rises and falls at regular intervals, used to control the timing of digital circuits.

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Feedback Logic Circuit

A circuit whose output is connected to its own input. This creates a feedback loop that can store a state, like in a latch or flip-flop.

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Latch vs. Flip-Flop

The difference between latches and flip-flops lies in their synchronization. Latches are asynchronous and respond immediately to input changes, whereas flip-flops are synchronous and only change states when triggered by the clock signal.

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RAM (Random Access Memory)

A type of memory where data is stored electrically and lost when the power supply is shut off. Think of it like a temporary notepad that clears when you turn off the computer.

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ROM (Read Only Memory)

A type of memory where data can be written only once during manufacturing, and then it's permanently stored. Think of it as a pre-programmed instruction manual that's always there.

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EPROM (Erasable Programmable ROM)

A type of ROM where data can be erased using UV light, allowing it to be reprogrammed. Think of it as a reusable CD that requires a specific tool to erase.

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EEPROM (Electrically Erasable Programmable ROM)

A type of ROM where data can be erased electrically, allowing it to be reprogrammed in smaller blocks. Think of it like a reusable flash drive that can be erased byte by byte.

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Flash ROM

A advanced type of EEPROM where data can be erased and programmed in blocks, improving storage capacity and efficiency. Think of it as a bigger, more powerful flash drive that requires less circuitry.

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BIOS (Basic Input/Output System)

A special type of ROM used to store the basic input/output instructions for a computer, which are needed to start it up. Think of it as the boot loader that tells the computer how to function.

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Mask ROM

A type of memory where data is programmed by the manufacturer during production. Think of it as a personalized instruction manual created at the factory.

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PROM (Programmable ROM)

A type of ROM where the data is written once, permanently, by the user. Think of it as a write-once CD for devices like washing machines or televisions.

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Edge-Triggered Flip-Flop

A basic type of flip-flop that changes its state based on the rising or falling edge of the clock signal.

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Master-Slave Flip-Flop

This configuration consists of two flip-flops - a 'master' and a 'slave'. The master receives and stores data when the clock signal rises, and the slave copies the master's state when the clock falls.

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Flip-Flop as a Memory Cell

A memory cell that is used to store a single bit of information. It can be implemented using a variety of technologies.

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Study Notes

Analog and Digital Systems

  • An analog system uses continuous values.
  • A digital system uses discrete values.
  • Examples of digital systems include telephone switching exchanges, digital multimeters, digital counters, electronic calculators, and digital displays.

Units of a Computer

  • CPU (Central Processing Unit): The brain of the computer, performing calculations.
  • Memory: Stores programs and data.
  • I/O (Input/Output): Circuits for getting data in and out of the computer.
  • Control Unit: The central part of the computer, directing operations.
  • Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU): Performs calculations and logical decisions.
  • Register: Stores digital data.

Number Systems

  • Binary Numeral System: Uses two symbols (0 and 1).
  • Octal Numeral System: Base 8, uses digits 0-7.
  • Decimal Numeral System: Base 10, uses digits 0-9, most common.
  • Hexadecimal Numeral System: Base 16, used in computer memory addresses.

Logic Gates

  • AND gate: Output is high when all inputs are high.
  • OR gate: Output is high when at least one input is high.
  • NOT gate (Inverter): Output is the opposite of the input.
  • NOR gate: Output is the opposite of an OR gate.
  • NAND gate: Output is the opposite of an AND gate.
  • XOR gate: Output is high only when the inputs have odd parity.
  • XNOR gate: Output is the opposite of an XOR gate.

Logic Circuits (Standard Logic Gates)

  • Logic circuits use input and output signals in two states (high or low).
  • Logic gates combine multiple input signals to produce a single output.
  • Truth tables are used to portray various possible input/output combinations.

Karnaugh Map

  • A graphic display of fundamental products to show truth table data.
  • Sum of Products (SOP) uses AND-OR circuits.
  • Maxterm uses sum terms containing all input variables (either normal or complemented format.)

Boolean Algebra

  • Boolean constants are '0' (false) and '1' (true).
  • Boolean variables can only take values '0' or '1'.
  • Boolean functions use AND, OR, and NOT logic.
  • Boolean theorems are a set of identities and laws for simplifying expressions.

Consensus Theorem

  • Simplification method for Boolean expressions.

Combinational Circuits

  • Combinational circuits are logical entities.
  • Consist of input variables, logic gates, and output variables.
  • Half adder circuits only calculate the 'carry out'
  • Full adder circuits produce both carry out and the sum results.

Half and Full Adders

  • Use inputs to produce a sum and a carry output.

Half and Full Subtractors

  • Perform binary subtraction using inputs and produce a difference and a borrow output.

Multi-vibrators

  • Electronic circuits with two stable states.
  • Used to generate rectangular / square waves.
  • Types : Astable(No stable state), Monostable(one stable state), Bistable(two stable states)

Latches

  • Store one bit of information, which can also be considered asynchronous circuit types.
  • Types: SR latch, JK latch, D latch
  • Used in storing data, especially in memory applications.

Flip-Flops

  • Synchronous bistable circuits.
  • Output changes only when the clock is active or triggered.
  • Examples are SR flip-flop, T flip-flop, JK flip-flop, D flip-flop

Flip-Flops and Memory Devices

  • Master-Slave Flip-Flops
  • Edge triggered flip flops
  • Types : SR, JK, D, T
  • Various types of counters use flip flops

Registers

  • Consist of one or more flip-flops.
  • Used to store data.
  • Shift registers perform serial input to serial or parallel output.

Counters

  • Used to count.
  • Types: Binary Up counter, Binary Down Counter, Skipping Counter, BCD Counter, Ring Counter, Johnson Counter

Decoders

  • Multiple inputs and outputs.
  • Transform coded inputs into coded outputs.

Multiplexers and Demultiplexers

  • Combine multiple signals into one.
  • Separate one signal into multiple signals.

Memory Devices

  • RAM, ROM, PROM, EPROM, EEPROM, Flash ROM are all types of memory used to store and retrieve electronically stored data.

Bilateral Switches

  • Analog switches consisting of transistors.

Memory Modules

  • SIMM(Single In-Line Memory Module)
  • DIMM(Dual In-Line Memory Module)
  • RIMM(Rambus In-Line Memory Module) are memory modules which form part of the physical architecture of computing devices (eg PC's)

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Digital Logic Circuits PDF

Description

Test your knowledge on analog and digital systems, computer units, number systems, and logic gates. This quiz covers essential concepts that form the foundation of computer science. Perfect for students eager to solidify their understanding of these key topics.

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