Podcast
Questions and Answers
What term is used to describe the sequence of packet switches and communication links in a computer network?
What term is used to describe the sequence of packet switches and communication links in a computer network?
- Topology
- Protocol
- Domain
- Route (correct)
Which of the following best describes 'hosts' in a computer network?
Which of the following best describes 'hosts' in a computer network?
- Only servers that manage network traffic
- Hardware components for communication
- Devices that only send data
- Systems running applications that generate or receive data (correct)
What is the primary purpose of the internet as described in the content?
What is the primary purpose of the internet as described in the content?
- To interconnect billions of computing devices providing services to applications (correct)
- To serve as a platform for online gaming
- To enable the sharing of single-user applications
- To connect users for social media interaction
Which organization is NOT mentioned as part of the history of the internet?
Which organization is NOT mentioned as part of the history of the internet?
What type of networks are included as examples of computer networks?
What type of networks are included as examples of computer networks?
What makes applications categorized as distributed?
What makes applications categorized as distributed?
What role do protocols play in network communication?
What role do protocols play in network communication?
Which of the following describes the network edge?
Which of the following describes the network edge?
What is the purpose of services provided by hardware or software in a network?
What is the purpose of services provided by hardware or software in a network?
Which classification of networks is based on their physical form?
Which classification of networks is based on their physical form?
Who is responsible for maintaining the TLD servers for the edu top-level domain?
Who is responsible for maintaining the TLD servers for the edu top-level domain?
What type of records do authoritative DNS servers maintain?
What type of records do authoritative DNS servers maintain?
What is the role of local DNS servers?
What is the role of local DNS servers?
Which of the following services is NOT provided by the Domain Name System?
Which of the following services is NOT provided by the Domain Name System?
What does the 'TTL' in a resource record stand for?
What does the 'TTL' in a resource record stand for?
Which type of resource record maps a hostname to an IP address?
Which type of resource record maps a hostname to an IP address?
Which record type specifies the canonical mail server name?
Which record type specifies the canonical mail server name?
What is the function of an NS record in the Domain Name System?
What is the function of an NS record in the Domain Name System?
What is the role of a web cache when an object is not present?
What is the role of a web cache when an object is not present?
Why do users prefer using hostnames instead of IP addresses?
Why do users prefer using hostnames instead of IP addresses?
What transport layer protocol does DNS primarily use?
What transport layer protocol does DNS primarily use?
What happens after the DNS server sends a DNS reply to a client?
What happens after the DNS server sends a DNS reply to a client?
What port does the DNS service operate on?
What port does the DNS service operate on?
In what order does the encapsulation process occur during the DNS query?
In what order does the encapsulation process occur during the DNS query?
What does the DNS server do after it performs decapsulation of a DNS query?
What does the DNS server do after it performs decapsulation of a DNS query?
What is a unique characteristic of how each application chooses a source port number in Host A?
What is a unique characteristic of how each application chooses a source port number in Host A?
What is the primary function of SMTP in email transmission?
What is the primary function of SMTP in email transmission?
Which of the following statements accurately compares SMTP and HTTP?
Which of the following statements accurately compares SMTP and HTTP?
What port number is assigned for SMTP communications?
What port number is assigned for SMTP communications?
What is the major difference in behavior between SMTP and HTTP?
What is the major difference in behavior between SMTP and HTTP?
What does RFC 5321 define?
What does RFC 5321 define?
Flashcards
Computer Network
Computer Network
A collection of interconnected devices (hosts) using communication links and packet switches to share information.
Host
Host
A computer or device connected to a computer network.
Packet
Packet
A unit of data transmitted over a network.
Path
Path
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Internet Service Provider (ISP)
Internet Service Provider (ISP)
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Client
Client
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Server
Server
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Gateway
Gateway
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Local Area Network (LAN)
Local Area Network (LAN)
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Wide Area Network (WAN)
Wide Area Network (WAN)
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DNS
DNS
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IP Address
IP Address
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TCP/IP
TCP/IP
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Domain Name
Domain Name
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SMTP
SMTP
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HTTP
HTTP
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Web Caching
Web Caching
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Video Streaming
Video Streaming
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Resource Record
Resource Record
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Study Notes
Introduction to Computer Networks
- A computer network consists of end-systems (hosts) connected via communication links and packet switches.
- Hosts generate or receive data as packets, and the route connecting these components is termed a path.
- Administered by a single entity, networks include home, enterprise, and mobile networks.
- Internet access for hosts is typically provided via Internet Service Providers (ISPs).
Overview of the Internet
- The Internet connects billions of devices globally and serves as an architecture for distributed applications.
- Originated from DARPA's ARPANET with developments in packet-switched networks, TCP/IP protocols, and key services like DNS and IANA.
- Key entities in Internet governance include ICANN, RFC, IETF, IESG, and IAB.
Internet Visualization
- The Internet is depicted as a graphical network facilitating distributed applications.
- End systems, known as hosts, reside at the network's edge.
- Hosts exchange messages using internet socket interfaces; protocols dictate message format, order, and associated actions.
Network Classification
- End-systems are categorized as clients (requesting services) and servers (providing services).
- Gateways connect access networks to ISPs.
- Access networks vary by size (LAN, home networks, WAN) and topology (tree, star, ring, bus).
Web and HTTP Caching
- Web caching optimizes content delivery: if an object is cached, it is fetched directly; if not, a connection is made to the origin server to retrieve and store it.
Domain Name System (DNS)
- DNS, specified in RFC 1034 and 1035, translates hostnames to IP addresses (e.g., gaia.cs.umass.edu translates to 128.119.245.12).
- The system utilizes a distributed architecture of DNS servers, primarily using UDP and operating on port 53.
- Local DNS servers act as proxies within access networks, querying the DNS hierarchy on behalf of clients.
DNS Functionality and Services
- DNS provides various services: IP address resolution for hostnames, host aliasing, mail server aliasing, and load distribution.
- Resource records are queried by type, name, and value; common record types include A (IP addresses), NS (authoritative DNS), CNAME (canonical hostname), and MX (mail exchange).
Electronic Mail and SMTP
- SMTP, detailed in RFC 5321, is a core email protocol older than HTTP, utilizing ASCII encoding for message transport.
- SMTP operates in a "push" manner, sending messages from servers, while HTTP functions as a "pull" protocol.
- TCP connections facilitate email transmission between sender's and recipient's mail servers, operating on socket number 25.
Video Streaming Trends
- On-demand video streaming constitutes approximately 80% of internet traffic, according to CISCO's 2020 annual report.
- Leading video streaming services include Netflix, Hotstar, Amazon Prime, and YouTube.
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Description
This quiz covers the fundamental principles of computer communications networks, focusing on internet architecture and applications. Explore the concepts of network organization, communication links, and the role of hosts in a networked environment. Perfect for students in Electronics and Communication Engineering.
