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Questions and Answers
What is the term for the interconnected devices that make up the Internet?
What is the term for the interconnected devices that make up the Internet?
What is the primary function of packet switches in the Internet?
What is the primary function of packet switches in the Internet?
What is the term for the set of rules that governs the sending and receiving of messages over the Internet?
What is the term for the set of rules that governs the sending and receiving of messages over the Internet?
What is the primary function of the Internet's Network Core?
What is the primary function of the Internet's Network Core?
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What is the term for the delay that occurs when packets queue in router buffers?
What is the term for the delay that occurs when packets queue in router buffers?
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What is the term for the measurement of the rate at which bits are being sent from sender to receiver?
What is the term for the measurement of the rate at which bits are being sent from sender to receiver?
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What is the organization responsible for developing and maintaining Internet standards?
What is the organization responsible for developing and maintaining Internet standards?
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What is the term for the process of transmitting multiple channels in different frequency bands?
What is the term for the process of transmitting multiple channels in different frequency bands?
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What is the term for the type of wireless access network that connects end systems to a router via a base station aka access point?
What is the term for the type of wireless access network that connects end systems to a router via a base station aka access point?
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What is the term for the dedicated rate at which data is transmitted over a Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) connection?
What is the term for the dedicated rate at which data is transmitted over a Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) connection?
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Study Notes
The Internet
- The Internet consists of billions of connected computing devices, known as hosts, running network applications at the edge of the Internet.
- Packet switches, such as routers and switches, forward packets (chunks of data) between devices.
- Communication links, including fiber, copper, radio, and satellite, connect devices with transmission rates measured in bandwidth.
Protocol
- A protocol governs the sending and receiving of messages between devices, defining the format, order, and actions taken.
- A protocol consists of three elements: source/sender, destination/receiver, and channel/media.
- All devices on the network, including the source and destination, use the same protocol.
- Examples of protocols include HTTP (web), TCP, and IP.
Internet Standards
- Internet standards are formalized regulations, such as RFC (Request for Comments), that are useful and adhered to by those working with the Internet.
- IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force) is responsible for developing and maintaining Internet standards.
Service View
- The Internet provides a programming interface to distributed applications, allowing them to "connect" to use the Internet transport service.
- The service view provides options, similar to a postal service, for sending and receiving applications.
Structure
- The Internet consists of a network edge, access networks, and a network core.
- The network edge includes hosts (clients and servers) connected to the Internet via access ISPs.
- Access networks include physical media, such as wired and wireless communication links.
- The network core consists of interconnected routers, forming a network of networks.
Performance
- Packet loss and delay occur when packets queue in router buffers, resulting in packet loss and delay.
- Packet loss occurs when the arrival rate to a link exceeds the output link capacity.
- Delay measurement can be provided by the traceroute program, which shows the delay from source to router along the end-end Internet path towards the destination.
- Throughput, measured in bits per time unit, can be instantaneous or average over a longer period.
Access Networks
- Frequency Division Multiplexing (FDM) transmits different channels in different frequency bands.
- Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) uses existing telephone lines to connect to a central office DSLAM, providing dedicated downstream and upstream transmission rates.
- Wireless access networks, including Wireless Local Area Networks (WLANs) and Wide-area cellular access networks, connect end systems to routers via base stations or access points.
- Transmission rates vary depending on the access network technology.
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Description
This quiz covers the basics of the internet, including its architecture, devices, packet switching, communication links, and protocols.
