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Questions and Answers
What does computer architecture primarily refer to?
What does computer architecture primarily refer to?
Computer organization deals with the logical execution of programs.
Computer organization deals with the logical execution of programs.
False
What is the role of a computer architect?
What is the role of a computer architect?
To build new systems that meet cost, performance, power, and function goals.
Computer _____ refers to the operational units and their interconnections that realize architectural specifications.
Computer _____ refers to the operational units and their interconnections that realize architectural specifications.
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Match the following terms with their definitions:
Match the following terms with their definitions:
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What is the approximate yearly improvement rate for processor logic capacity according to Moore's Law?
What is the approximate yearly improvement rate for processor logic capacity according to Moore's Law?
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According to Moore's Law, memory speed improves by about 10% per year.
According to Moore's Law, memory speed improves by about 10% per year.
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What has been the trend in disk capacity density improvement per year?
What has been the trend in disk capacity density improvement per year?
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According to Moore's Law, the cost per bit improves about ___ per year.
According to Moore's Law, the cost per bit improves about ___ per year.
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Match the following technology trends with their respective improvement rates:
Match the following technology trends with their respective improvement rates:
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What was the DRAM size in 1986?
What was the DRAM size in 1986?
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The DRAM chip capacity increased from 64 Kb in 1980 to 16 Gb in 2010.
The DRAM chip capacity increased from 64 Kb in 1980 to 16 Gb in 2010.
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What is the general trend observed with microprocessor logic density?
What is the general trend observed with microprocessor logic density?
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The DRAM size in 1999 was _____ Mb.
The DRAM size in 1999 was _____ Mb.
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What component is responsible for control within a CPU?
What component is responsible for control within a CPU?
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The Main Memory is part of the Peripheral devices.
The Main Memory is part of the Peripheral devices.
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Match the following DRAM sizes with their corresponding years.
Match the following DRAM sizes with their corresponding years.
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Name the facility that handles data processing.
Name the facility that handles data processing.
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Which microprocessor was introduced in 1992?
Which microprocessor was introduced in 1992?
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The __________ Unit processes arithmetic operations in a CPU.
The __________ Unit processes arithmetic operations in a CPU.
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Smaller feature sizes lead to lower speed and density.
Smaller feature sizes lead to lower speed and density.
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Which of the following is NOT a function of a computer?
Which of the following is NOT a function of a computer?
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What is the approximate DRAM chip capacity in the year 2002?
What is the approximate DRAM chip capacity in the year 2002?
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Match the following components to their functions:
Match the following components to their functions:
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Data movement refers to the interaction between input and output devices.
Data movement refers to the interaction between input and output devices.
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Name the four main functions of a computer.
Name the four main functions of a computer.
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The process of transferring data from an Internet download to your disk is called _____ storage.
The process of transferring data from an Internet download to your disk is called _____ storage.
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Match the following operations with their examples:
Match the following operations with their examples:
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In the functional view of a computer, which component is responsible for control?
In the functional view of a computer, which component is responsible for control?
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All computers perform the same functions regardless of their structure.
All computers perform the same functions regardless of their structure.
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What is the primary role of the data processing facility?
What is the primary role of the data processing facility?
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What is a key requirement for optimizing computer design according to marketplace demands?
What is a key requirement for optimizing computer design according to marketplace demands?
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A workstation is typically less powerful than a personal computer.
A workstation is typically less powerful than a personal computer.
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Name one category that computers can be classified by.
Name one category that computers can be classified by.
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A small, single-user computer based on a microprocessor is known as a __________.
A small, single-user computer based on a microprocessor is known as a __________.
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Match the following computer classifications with their descriptions:
Match the following computer classifications with their descriptions:
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Which of the following is a trend that designers must track?
Which of the following is a trend that designers must track?
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Optimizing design always involves increasing complexity.
Optimizing design always involves increasing complexity.
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What is one factor that influences the architecture of computers in the 21st century?
What is one factor that influences the architecture of computers in the 21st century?
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Study Notes
Ghana Communication Technology University (GCTU) Presentation
- Presenter: Isaac Hanson (Ing.)
- Faculty: Engineering
Computer Architecture
- Computer Architecture is the attributes visible to the programmer, affecting program execution directly.
- Instruction Set Architecture (ISA) is often used interchangeably.
- Includes instruction set, data representation bit size, I/O (input/output) mechanisms, and addressing techniques (e.g., multiply instruction).
Computer Organization
- Refers to the functional units and connections realizing architectural specifications.
- Includes control signals, interfaces, and memory technology (e.g., hardware multiply unit or repeated addition).
Family of Computers
- Manufacturers often offer computer families with same architecture but different organization.
- Different models in a family have varying prices and performance characteristics.
- Architecture can span multiple years and include numerous models, evolving with technology.
- Examples: IBM System/370 architecture and x86 architecture
Who is a Computer Architect?
- A computer architect assembles components to meet cost, performance, power, and function goals.
- They research, design, develop, and test computers and related equipment.
Technology Trends
- Moore's Law: Ongoing transistor miniaturization.
- Implications for processor logic capacity (about 30% per year), clock rate (about 20% per year), memory (e.g., density/speed improvements), disk capacity, and network bandwidth (increasing more than 100% per year).
DRAM Chip Capacity
- DRAM chip capacity has increased significantly over time, from kilobytes to gigabytes. This growth is faster than the increase in speed.
Technology Trends Summary
- Rapid changes in technology necessitate re-evaluation and re-design.
- Examples are density increase faster than speed and trade-offs that need to be considered.
Structure and Function
- Structure: the way components relate to each other.
- Function: the operation of individual components within the structure.
Computer Functions
- All computer functions center around data processing, storage, movement, and control.
Functional View of a Computer
- Three key components: data movement apparatus, control mechanism, and data storage/processing facilities.
Computer Operations (1-3)
- Data movement, e.g., from keyboard to screen, storage, and processing functions like updating bank statements.
Computer Operations (4)
- Processing from storage to I/O: e.g., printing the bank statement.
Computer Structure - Top Level
- Top level structure includes components like peripherals, Central Processing Unit (CPU), main memory, systems interconnection.
Computer Structure - CPU
- Microprocessor structure with components like registers, arithmetic and logic unit (ALU), and control unit and internal CPU interconnections.
Computing Devices (Now)
- Examples include laptops, mobile phones, cameras, external hard drives, robots, game consoles, servers, and vehicles (e.g., a race car).
Where Do We Find Computers/Processors?
- Instances of computer technology in daily use across many domains, such as ATMs, traffic controllers, watches, cars, music devices, microwaves, and medical equipment.
Computer Architecture Focus
- Focuses on design strategies, machine designs, technological factors, and assessment methods that define computer forms in the 21st century.
- Includes instructional set design, organization, hardware, and relevant concepts like parallelism and programming languages like ISA.
Optimizing the Design
- Often driven by market/business constraints, such as minimizing cost or time to market.
- Success requires balancing many factors such as simulation and quantitative analysis.
Key Trends
- Success requires designing for future technologies, using predictions for trends on usage patterns, technology cost, and performance.
Classification of computers
- Categorization based on size, power, and architectural philosophy including general-purpose and special purpose types; and IBM, Apple, Von Neumann, Harvard architectures.
Number of Devices per Chip
- Integration levels (SSI, MSI, LSI, VLSI, WSI) and correlating them with typical number of devices per chip and typical functions.
Computer Generations
- Several generations of computers are noted with associated dates, technologies used, and operations per second.
Computer Generations - Processor Series
- Different generations of computer processors from early models to advanced and specialized processors.
Thank you
- Standard closing remark for presentations.
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Description
Test your understanding of computer architecture concepts with this quiz. Explore topics such as processor logic capacity, memory trends, and the role of computer architects. Perfect for students studying computer science or related fields.
