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Which directive is used to define an 8-bit (1-byte) memory variable in assembly language?
Which directive is used to define an 8-bit (1-byte) memory variable in assembly language?
In assembly language, which directive would you use to define a 16-bit (2 bytes) memory variable?
In assembly language, which directive would you use to define a 16-bit (2 bytes) memory variable?
What does the dd directive define in terms of memory size?
What does the dd directive define in terms of memory size?
Which directive is used in assembly language to define a 10-byte (80-bit) memory variable?
Which directive is used in assembly language to define a 10-byte (80-bit) memory variable?
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Which directive would you use to define a 64-bit (8 bytes) memory variable in assembly language?
Which directive would you use to define a 64-bit (8 bytes) memory variable in assembly language?
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Which term describes the underlying implementation of computer architecture that is transparent to the programmer?
Which term describes the underlying implementation of computer architecture that is transparent to the programmer?
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Which architecture is also known as Fetch-Decode-Execute Architecture?
Which architecture is also known as Fetch-Decode-Execute Architecture?
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What is the term that represents the signal in cycles per second?
What is the term that represents the signal in cycles per second?
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According to Flynn’s Classification, Von Neumann Machines are classified as which type?
According to Flynn’s Classification, Von Neumann Machines are classified as which type?
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What is the processing style also known as SIMD?
What is the processing style also known as SIMD?
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In a Microprogrammed Control Unit, what is the sequence of control words referred to as?
In a Microprogrammed Control Unit, what is the sequence of control words referred to as?
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What is the time required to perform a single memory reference (read or write) called?
What is the time required to perform a single memory reference (read or write) called?
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What is the term that describes the product of instruction count, cycle per instruction, and the period?
What is the term that describes the product of instruction count, cycle per instruction, and the period?
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What is the addressing mode in which the effective memory address is held following the instruction opcode?
What is the addressing mode in which the effective memory address is held following the instruction opcode?
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Which classification method is most widely used for classifying computers?
Which classification method is most widely used for classifying computers?
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Which of the following describes an operand in assembly language?
Which of the following describes an operand in assembly language?
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In which part of a computer are data fetched from memory?
In which part of a computer are data fetched from memory?
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What type of memory is internal to the CPU and operates at high speeds?
What type of memory is internal to the CPU and operates at high speeds?
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Which unit is responsible for executing instructions in a computer?
Which unit is responsible for executing instructions in a computer?
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Which language corresponds directly with computer instructions and supports microinstructions?
Which language corresponds directly with computer instructions and supports microinstructions?
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What does the Memory Data Register (MDR) store?
What does the Memory Data Register (MDR) store?
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What is the numeric value utilized as a reference in calculating addresses during program execution?
What is the numeric value utilized as a reference in calculating addresses during program execution?
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What is the first action the processor takes to fetch data from memory?
What is the first action the processor takes to fetch data from memory?
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What is the name of the special-purpose register that holds the address of the next instruction to be executed?
What is the name of the special-purpose register that holds the address of the next instruction to be executed?
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What happens second when a processor fetches data from memory?
What happens second when a processor fetches data from memory?
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Which port is considered the primary port on all computer systems?
Which port is considered the primary port on all computer systems?
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Which statement accurately describes the relationship between the number of bits in the MDR and the word size of a computer?
Which statement accurately describes the relationship between the number of bits in the MDR and the word size of a computer?
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Which segment register contains the program or code for the next instruction in the 8086/8088 architecture?
Which segment register contains the program or code for the next instruction in the 8086/8088 architecture?
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In the given instruction R1 [R1] + [LOC], what is the fourth step in its execution?
In the given instruction R1 [R1] + [LOC], what is the fourth step in its execution?
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The number of bits in the Memory Address Register (MAR) primarily depends on which of the following?
The number of bits in the Memory Address Register (MAR) primarily depends on which of the following?
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How can Step I of the instruction execution process be symbolically represented?
How can Step I of the instruction execution process be symbolically represented?
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Which statement best describes the process that occurs after fetching the contents into the Instruction Register (IR)?
Which statement best describes the process that occurs after fetching the contents into the Instruction Register (IR)?
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What control signals are relevant during Step I of instruction execution?
What control signals are relevant during Step I of instruction execution?
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Why are the actions of Step II needed when executing instructions?
Why are the actions of Step II needed when executing instructions?
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During the process of Step II, what must occur regarding the Program Counter (PC)?
During the process of Step II, what must occur regarding the Program Counter (PC)?
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Which additional control signal is required to execute Step II, along with PCout, Select1, and Add?
Which additional control signal is required to execute Step II, along with PCout, Select1, and Add?
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When an instruction requires data to be fetched from memory, which register commonly stores the address to be accessed?
When an instruction requires data to be fetched from memory, which register commonly stores the address to be accessed?
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Based on the logic equation for MDRout, which instructions utilize the Memory Data Register (MDR) during the fetch cycle?
Based on the logic equation for MDRout, which instructions utilize the Memory Data Register (MDR) during the fetch cycle?
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What does the logic equation WMFC = T2 + T5 + T6·INS2 + T6·INS3 + T7·INS3 tell us about the Write Memory Function Control (WMFC) signal?
What does the logic equation WMFC = T2 + T5 + T6·INS2 + T6·INS3 + T7·INS3 tell us about the Write Memory Function Control (WMFC) signal?
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What is the purpose of the MARin = T1 + T4 + T6·INS2 + T6·INS3 + T7·INS3 logic equation?
What is the purpose of the MARin = T1 + T4 + T6·INS2 + T6·INS3 + T7·INS3 logic equation?
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During time slot T3, which of the following actions is occurring in the simplified computer?
During time slot T3, which of the following actions is occurring in the simplified computer?
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What happens during time slot T2?
What happens during time slot T2?
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The logic equation for Zout indicates that the ALU is used for instructions:
The logic equation for Zout indicates that the ALU is used for instructions:
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What is the correct interpretation of the PCout = T1 logic equation?
What is the correct interpretation of the PCout = T1 logic equation?
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What can we conclude about instruction INS2 from the logic equations provided?
What can we conclude about instruction INS2 from the logic equations provided?
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Study Notes
Computer Architecture and Organization Exam
- Pledge of Honor: Students pledge to uphold academic honesty during the exam. Dishonesty will result in serious sanctions.
- General Instructions: Follow all instructions carefully. Use only non-red ink and do not leave your seat without permission. Talking to or looking at seatmates is considered cheating.
- Multiple Choice: Select the best answer from the options provided on the answer sheet. Mark incorrect answers with a cross (X) and write the correct answer in the space corresponding to the best choice.
Computer Organization and Architecture
- Computer Organization: The implementation design of the computer, hidden from the programmer, but underlying the architecture.
- Computer Architecture: The design of a computer's components and their communication, visible to the programmer, encompassing the components.
- Fetch-Decode-Execute Architecture: The fundamental cycle of a computer, where instructions are fetched, decoded, and executed.
- Von Neumann Architecture: A computer architecture where data and instructions are stored in the same memory space.
- Flynn's Classification: A method of classifying computer architectures based on the number of instruction streams and data streams. Von Neumann machines are SISD.
- MIMD (Multiple Instruction, Multiple Data): Parallel processing with multiple independent processors, each executing a separate program and accessing separate data streams.
- MISD (Multiple Instruction, Single Data): Not commonly used. Multiple instructions work on a single data stream.
- Clock Rate and Period: The speed of a computer, measured in Hertz. Period is the inverse of the clock rate.
- Memory Cycle: Time needed to perform a read or write to memory.
- Instruction Register (IR): Holds the current instruction being executed.
- Program Counter (PC): Holds the address of the next instruction to be fetched.
- Memory Data Register (MDR): Temporarily stores data read from or written to memory.
- Memory Address Register (MAR): Holds the address of the memory location to be accessed.
Instruction Execution
- Instruction Fetch (Step 1): The PC contains the address of the next instruction. Contents of the memory location specified by the PC are fetched (loaded) into the instruction register (IR).
- Instruction Decode (Step 2): The instruction in the IR is decoded to determine the operation that needs to be performed.
- Execution (Step 3): The CPU performs the operation specified by the fetched instruction.
Memory Access
- Memory Address and Data Transfer: Address is loaded into the memory address register and the data is transferred to the memory data register.
Additional Topics
- Registers: Used to store intermediate values during instruction processing.
- Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU): Performs arithmetic and logic operations as specified by the instruction.
- Control Unit: Manages the execution of instructions.
- Data Path: The interconnections and components within a computer for transferring data.
- Program Execution: Fetches, decodes, and executes a sequence of instructions.
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Description
Test your knowledge of computer organization and architecture concepts, including the fundamental fetch-decode-execute cycle. This exam will evaluate your understanding of how hardware and software interact in computer systems. Be prepared to select the best answers and demonstrate your academic integrity.
