Computer Architecture vs Organization
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary focus of computer architecture?

  • The overall design of a computer system, including hardware and software components (correct)
  • The design of software and hardware for easy upgradability and functionality
  • The process of breaking down larger problems into smaller parts for parallel computing
  • The way hardware components are arranged and interconnected

    • What is the main benefit of an open architecture?

  • Enhanced user interface design
  • Improved security features
  • Faster processing speeds
  • Easier upgradeability and add-on functionality (correct)

    • What is the process called when breaking down larger problems into smaller, independent parts that can be executed simultaneously by multiple processors?

  • Parallel computing (correct)
  • Concurrent processing
  • Distributed computing
  • Multi-threading

    • What are the three basic components of every computer?

    <p>Input Unit, Central Processing Unit (CPU), and Output Unit</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mission of IEEE?

    <p>To promote technological innovation for the benefit of humanity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does ISO stand for?

    <p>International Organization for Standardization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many milliseconds (ms) are in 1 second?

    <p>10^3 ms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many nanoseconds (ns) are in 1 millisecond?

    <p>10^6 ns</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of computer architecture in designing a computer?

    <p>To fix the architecture first</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Instruction Set Architecture (ISA) also known as?

    <p>Computer Architecture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the program counter (PC)?

    <p>To keep track of memory addresses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the register that stores the fetched instruction?

    <p>Instruction Register (IR)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process of examining the fetched instruction to determine its operation?

    <p>Decode</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following architectural categories is concerned with the logical functions of a computer system?

    <p>Instruction Set Architecture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of an ISA?

    <p>To serve as an interface between hardware and software</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does computer organization deal with?

    <p>The structural relationship between hardware components</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the benefit of open architecture in computer systems?

    <p>Easy upgrading and swapping of components</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between computer organization and computer architecture?

    <p>Organization deals with how it's done, while architecture deals with what it does</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the CPU in the fetch-decode-execute cycle?

    <p>To retrieve, examine, and execute instructions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of an organizational quality that is invisible to the programmer?

    <p>The interfacing of computer and peripherals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the focus of computer architecture?

    <p>The functional behavior of computer systems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of an ISA?

    <p>To specify how the CPU is controlled by the software</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is classified into three categories based on the number of address fields?

    <p>CPU organization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does computer organization consist of?

    <p>Physical units like circuit designs, peripherals, and adders</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Computer Organization and Architecture

    • Computer Architecture refers to the overall design of a computer system, including hardware and software components and their interactions.
    • Computer Organization refers to the arrangement and interconnection of hardware components, implementing the provided computer architecture.

    Open Architecture

    • Open Architecture is a design approach that allows easy upgrading and addition of functions to a computer system.
    • It enables simpler integration of different computer systems or programs.
    • Software developers use open software architecture to encourage other developers to write applications and add-ons.

    Parallel Computing

    • Parallel Computing breaks down larger problems into smaller, independent parts that can be executed simultaneously by multiple processors.
    • Processors communicate via shared memory, and results are combined upon completion as part of an overall algorithm.

    Basic Components of a Computer

    • Every computer has three basic components: Input Unit, Central Processing Unit (CPU), and Output Unit.

    IEEE and ISO

    • IEEE's mission is to foster technological innovation and excellence for the benefit of humanity.
    • ISO stands for International Organization for Standardization, and its name is an acronym.

    Time and Memory Units

    • 1 second equals 10^3 milliseconds (ms).
    • 1 second equals 10^6 microseconds (µs).
    • 1 millisecond equals 10^6 nanoseconds (ns).

    Instruction Set Architecture (ISA)

    • ISA stands for Instruction Set Architecture, which defines how the CPU is controlled by the software
    • It acts as an interface between the hardware and the software, specifying what the processor is capable of doing and how it gets done

    Computer Organization vs Computer Architecture

    • Computer Organization describes how it does it, deals with structural relationships, and handles low-level design issues
    • Computer Architecture describes what the computer does, deals with functional behavior, and handles high-level design issues
    • Organization is concerned with the implementation of the architecture, whereas architecture is concerned with the functional behavior of the computer system

    Computer Organization

    • Deals with physical units like circuit designs, peripherals, and adders
    • Handles the segments of the network in a system and escapes the software programmer’s detection
    • Organizational qualities include hardware elements that are invisible to the programmer, such as interfacing of computer and peripherals, memory technologies, and control signals

    Computer Architecture

    • Deals with the functional behavior of computer systems and is concerned with the hardware
    • Viewed as a series of instructions, addressing modes, and registers
    • Comprises logical functions such as instruction sets, registers, data types, and addressing modes
    • Examples of architectural categories include Von-Neumann Architecture, Harvard Architecture, Instruction Set Architecture, Micro-architecture, and System Design

    Open Architecture

    • Allows adding, upgrading, and swapping components with other computers easily
    • Enables flexibility and customization in computer systems

    Fetch-Decode-Execute Cycle

    • A fundamental process in the operation of a computer’s central processing unit (CPU)
    • Consists of three stages: Fetch, Decode, and Execute
    • Fetch:
      • Retrieves the next instruction from memory using the program counter (PC)
      • Stores the fetched instruction in the instruction register (IR)
    • Decode:
      • Examines the fetched instruction to determine what operation it represents
      • Determines the operation and operands required for the instruction

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    Learn the difference between computer architecture and computer organization, including their definitions and how they interact with each other.

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