Questions and Answers
What characterizes a 'smart' terminal?
Which of the following devices is not categorized as a direct-entry device?
What is the primary function of a scanning device?
Which of the following best describes a 'dumb' terminal?
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What type of device is a bar code reader classified as?
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What is the primary function of the CPU in a computer system?
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Which type of memory is known as volatile and is primarily used for temporary storage of data?
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Which component is responsible for sending data and messages between the other components of a computer?
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What does Read-Only Memory (ROM) provide in a computer system?
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Which unit allows communication between the computer and its external environment?
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What is the role of input hardware in a computer system?
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What is the function of secondary memory in a computer system?
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Which device is considered an entry device within the input hardware category?
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What type of storage refers to main memory used for processing?
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Which of the following represents a sequential file storage method?
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What is the function of a port in a computer system?
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Which type of output is known as hardcopy?
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What best describes the function of drum storage?
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Which expansion option is typically used in notebooks?
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Which of the following is NOT considered a form of secondary storage?
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What type of output is referred to as softcopy?
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Which type of printer utilizes physical contact with the paper?
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What is a characteristic of softcopy output devices?
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Which type of plotter is the most common for producing high-quality graphics?
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Which component uses a phone line to facilitate data communication between computers?
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What type of software includes operating systems and programming aids?
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What is a function of a concentrator in communication hardware?
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Which of the following is NOT a type of system software?
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Which hardware device is primarily used for graphical output with advanced color capabilities?
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What is the primary purpose of a language processor?
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Which type of application software is specifically designed to solve a particular problem for a specific organization?
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Which of the following is a type of software that helps users create written documents?
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In which level of programming language would you find commands that are executed directly by the computer's hardware?
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Which personnel role involves oversight and management of computer operations?
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Which type of application software is commonly used for managing databases?
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Which category of software includes tools like word processors and spreadsheets?
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Which role is primarily responsible for the programming and coding of applications?
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Study Notes
Components of a Computer System
- Four main components: Hardware, Software, Peopleware, Dataware.
Hardware
- Definition: The physical, tangible parts of the computer system.
Internal Hardware
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CPU (Central Processing Unit): The brain of the computer; comprises the Control Unit (CU) and Arithmetic/Logic Unit (ALU).
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Memory: Stores data and instructions; essential for processing.
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Types of Memory:
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Internal Memory:
- RAM (Random-Access Memory): Volatile, primary memory used for active processes.
- ROM (Read-Only Memory): Non-volatile, contains permanent instructions.
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External Memory:
- Secondary Memory (Auxiliary Memory): Non-volatile memory for long-term data storage.
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Internal Memory:
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Types of Memory:
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Input and Output Unit: Facilitates communication between the computer and external devices.
- Bus: Circuit for data transfer between components.
- Ports: Connect input/output devices.
- Expansion Slots: Allow addition of features/extensions.
- Registers: Temporary storage for immediate data processing.
External Hardware
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Input Hardware: Collects data and converts it for processing.
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Types:
- Entry Devices: Keyboards are the most common, including dumb, smart, and intelligent terminals.
- Direct-Entry Devices: Include mice, trackballs, joysticks, light pens, and digitizing tablets.
- Scanning Devices: Convert physical images/texts into digital data; barcode readers are an example.
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Types:
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Storage Hardware: Stores data for processing; divided into primary and secondary storage.
- Primary Storage: Refers to RAM.
- Secondary Storage: Non-volatile storage options including diskettes, hard disks, optical storage, magnetic tapes, and more.
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Output Hardware: Displays information produced by the computer.
- Hardcopy Outputs: Tangible outputs like printers (impact and non-impact types).
- Softcopy Outputs: Temporarily displayed outputs, e.g., on screens (CRT, Flat Panel).
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Communication Hardware: Connects computers in networks.
- Includes: Modems, cables, fax modems, multiplexers, concentrators, and front-end processors.
Software
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Categories of Software:
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System Software: Manages hardware resources and provides a platform for application programs.
- Types include Operating Systems, Operating Environments, Utilities, Programming Languages, and Language Processors.
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Application Software: Designed to solve specific problems.
- Package Programs: Ready-to-use software like word processors, spreadsheets, and graphics software.
- Custom Programs: Tailored to an organization’s specific needs.
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System Software: Manages hardware resources and provides a platform for application programs.
Peopleware
- Definition: Refers to personnel involved in data processing operations.
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Functional Areas:
- Systems Programming, System Analysts, Application Programming, Computer Operations.
- Key Personnel: Includes Data Entry Operators, Computer Operators, Programmers, Analysts, and Computer Center Directors.
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Description
Explore the four main components of a computer system: Hardware, Software, Peopleware, and Dataware. Dive into the specifics of internal hardware, including CPU, memory types, and input/output units. Understand how these components work together to create an efficient computing environment.
