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Questions and Answers
What characterizes a 'smart' terminal?
What characterizes a 'smart' terminal?
Which of the following devices is not categorized as a direct-entry device?
Which of the following devices is not categorized as a direct-entry device?
What is the primary function of a scanning device?
What is the primary function of a scanning device?
Which of the following best describes a 'dumb' terminal?
Which of the following best describes a 'dumb' terminal?
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What type of device is a bar code reader classified as?
What type of device is a bar code reader classified as?
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What is the primary function of the CPU in a computer system?
What is the primary function of the CPU in a computer system?
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Which type of memory is known as volatile and is primarily used for temporary storage of data?
Which type of memory is known as volatile and is primarily used for temporary storage of data?
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Which component is responsible for sending data and messages between the other components of a computer?
Which component is responsible for sending data and messages between the other components of a computer?
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What does Read-Only Memory (ROM) provide in a computer system?
What does Read-Only Memory (ROM) provide in a computer system?
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Which unit allows communication between the computer and its external environment?
Which unit allows communication between the computer and its external environment?
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What is the role of input hardware in a computer system?
What is the role of input hardware in a computer system?
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What is the function of secondary memory in a computer system?
What is the function of secondary memory in a computer system?
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Which device is considered an entry device within the input hardware category?
Which device is considered an entry device within the input hardware category?
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What type of storage refers to main memory used for processing?
What type of storage refers to main memory used for processing?
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Which of the following represents a sequential file storage method?
Which of the following represents a sequential file storage method?
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What is the function of a port in a computer system?
What is the function of a port in a computer system?
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Which type of output is known as hardcopy?
Which type of output is known as hardcopy?
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What best describes the function of drum storage?
What best describes the function of drum storage?
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Which expansion option is typically used in notebooks?
Which expansion option is typically used in notebooks?
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Which of the following is NOT considered a form of secondary storage?
Which of the following is NOT considered a form of secondary storage?
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What type of output is referred to as softcopy?
What type of output is referred to as softcopy?
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Which type of printer utilizes physical contact with the paper?
Which type of printer utilizes physical contact with the paper?
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What is a characteristic of softcopy output devices?
What is a characteristic of softcopy output devices?
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Which type of plotter is the most common for producing high-quality graphics?
Which type of plotter is the most common for producing high-quality graphics?
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Which component uses a phone line to facilitate data communication between computers?
Which component uses a phone line to facilitate data communication between computers?
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What type of software includes operating systems and programming aids?
What type of software includes operating systems and programming aids?
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What is a function of a concentrator in communication hardware?
What is a function of a concentrator in communication hardware?
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Which of the following is NOT a type of system software?
Which of the following is NOT a type of system software?
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Which hardware device is primarily used for graphical output with advanced color capabilities?
Which hardware device is primarily used for graphical output with advanced color capabilities?
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What is the primary purpose of a language processor?
What is the primary purpose of a language processor?
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Which type of application software is specifically designed to solve a particular problem for a specific organization?
Which type of application software is specifically designed to solve a particular problem for a specific organization?
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Which of the following is a type of software that helps users create written documents?
Which of the following is a type of software that helps users create written documents?
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In which level of programming language would you find commands that are executed directly by the computer's hardware?
In which level of programming language would you find commands that are executed directly by the computer's hardware?
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Which personnel role involves oversight and management of computer operations?
Which personnel role involves oversight and management of computer operations?
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Which type of application software is commonly used for managing databases?
Which type of application software is commonly used for managing databases?
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Which category of software includes tools like word processors and spreadsheets?
Which category of software includes tools like word processors and spreadsheets?
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Which role is primarily responsible for the programming and coding of applications?
Which role is primarily responsible for the programming and coding of applications?
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Study Notes
Components of a Computer System
- Four main components: Hardware, Software, Peopleware, Dataware.
Hardware
- Definition: The physical, tangible parts of the computer system.
Internal Hardware
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CPU (Central Processing Unit): The brain of the computer; comprises the Control Unit (CU) and Arithmetic/Logic Unit (ALU).
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Memory: Stores data and instructions; essential for processing.
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Types of Memory:
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Internal Memory:
- RAM (Random-Access Memory): Volatile, primary memory used for active processes.
- ROM (Read-Only Memory): Non-volatile, contains permanent instructions.
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External Memory:
- Secondary Memory (Auxiliary Memory): Non-volatile memory for long-term data storage.
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Internal Memory:
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Types of Memory:
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Input and Output Unit: Facilitates communication between the computer and external devices.
- Bus: Circuit for data transfer between components.
- Ports: Connect input/output devices.
- Expansion Slots: Allow addition of features/extensions.
- Registers: Temporary storage for immediate data processing.
External Hardware
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Input Hardware: Collects data and converts it for processing.
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Types:
- Entry Devices: Keyboards are the most common, including dumb, smart, and intelligent terminals.
- Direct-Entry Devices: Include mice, trackballs, joysticks, light pens, and digitizing tablets.
- Scanning Devices: Convert physical images/texts into digital data; barcode readers are an example.
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Types:
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Storage Hardware: Stores data for processing; divided into primary and secondary storage.
- Primary Storage: Refers to RAM.
- Secondary Storage: Non-volatile storage options including diskettes, hard disks, optical storage, magnetic tapes, and more.
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Output Hardware: Displays information produced by the computer.
- Hardcopy Outputs: Tangible outputs like printers (impact and non-impact types).
- Softcopy Outputs: Temporarily displayed outputs, e.g., on screens (CRT, Flat Panel).
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Communication Hardware: Connects computers in networks.
- Includes: Modems, cables, fax modems, multiplexers, concentrators, and front-end processors.
Software
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Categories of Software:
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System Software: Manages hardware resources and provides a platform for application programs.
- Types include Operating Systems, Operating Environments, Utilities, Programming Languages, and Language Processors.
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Application Software: Designed to solve specific problems.
- Package Programs: Ready-to-use software like word processors, spreadsheets, and graphics software.
- Custom Programs: Tailored to an organization’s specific needs.
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System Software: Manages hardware resources and provides a platform for application programs.
Peopleware
- Definition: Refers to personnel involved in data processing operations.
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Functional Areas:
- Systems Programming, System Analysts, Application Programming, Computer Operations.
- Key Personnel: Includes Data Entry Operators, Computer Operators, Programmers, Analysts, and Computer Center Directors.
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Description
Explore the four main components of a computer system: Hardware, Software, Peopleware, and Dataware. Dive into the specifics of internal hardware, including CPU, memory types, and input/output units. Understand how these components work together to create an efficient computing environment.
