Comparison of Nervous and Endocrine System, Muscle Physiology

What initiates the shortening process in muscle contraction?

Binding of Myosin to Actin forming a crossbridge

Which receptors are found on the Sarcoplasmic Reticulum (S.R.) in muscle contraction?

Ryanodine receptors (RyR)

What does Calcium do in muscle contraction?

Binds to Troponin binding sites

Which event directly leads to the formation of a CrossBridge in muscle contraction?

Binding of Myosin to Actin Signup and view all the answers

What causes the Power Stroke in muscle contraction?

Hydrolysis of ATP transferring energy to myosin head Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of ATP in muscle contraction?

Binds to myosin head and detaches it from actin Signup and view all the answers

Where are the primary target tissues of the Nervous System?

Muscles, glands, and adipose tissue Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the Endocrine System?

Regulate long-term processes in the body Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle type is classified as 'Striated'?

Skeletal muscle Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary component of the thin filaments in muscle physiology?

Actin Signup and view all the answers

What protein attaches the entire muscle fiber unit to the sarcolemma?

Dystrophin Signup and view all the answers

Which organelle is responsible for ATP production in muscle cells?

Mitochondria Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of Titin in muscle physiology?

Stabilizing the thick filament Signup and view all the answers

Where is calcium stored in a muscle cell?

Sarcoplasmic Reticulum Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of Calmodulin in muscle contraction?

Binds with calcium ions to activate Enzyme MLKinase Signup and view all the answers

Which type of smooth muscle consists of discrete units that must be separately stimulated by nerves to contract?

Multiunit smooth muscle Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic feature of single-unit smooth muscle?

Contain gap junctions for electrical linkage Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes multiunit smooth muscle from single-unit smooth muscle?

Multiunit contracts all together, while single-unit contracts individually Signup and view all the answers

In which type of muscle are cells interconnected by intercalated discs formed by gap junctions and desmosomes?

Cardiac muscle Signup and view all the answers

What is a key feature of cardiac muscle contraction compared to skeletal muscle contraction?

Contraction is all-or-nothing Signup and view all the answers

What type of muscle fibers stop at glycolysis and are anaerobic?

Fast-glycolytic Signup and view all the answers

Which type of muscle fibers have fewer blood vessels due to the lack of myoglobin?

Fast-glycolytic Signup and view all the answers

What is the underlying cause of muscle fatigue related to lack of ATP?

Accumulation of lactic acid Signup and view all the answers

Which region of the brain plays a role in maintaining balance and controlling eye movements?

Cerebellum Signup and view all the answers

What genetic disease affects 1-3 men and causes inadequate shortening and lengthening of muscles?

Muscular dystrophy Signup and view all the answers

What type of muscle fibers fatigue less and are rich in red color due to increased myoglobin?

Oxidative Signup and view all the answers

Which structure monitors the force/tension created by muscles and protects them from excessive injury?

Golgi tendon organ Signup and view all the answers

Which type of muscle lacks striations and has spindle-shaped cells with single nuclei?

Smooth muscle Signup and view all the answers

What neurotransmitter is associated with the basal nuclei in the cerebral primary motor cortex?

Dopamine Signup and view all the answers

What role does the cerebrocerebellum play in motor control?

Initiating voluntary activity Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of ATP in muscle contraction?

Breaks down into ADP + P during contraction Signup and view all the answers

What is the main source of energy for muscle contraction as mentioned in the text?

Glycogen Signup and view all the answers

Which type of muscle fibers are frequently used in daily activities such as walking and standing?

Slow-oxidative (type 1) fibers Signup and view all the answers

What occurs during Isometric contractions?

Force is created with no movement Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the Length-Tension Relationship in muscle contractions?

Optimal length allows for the most crossbridges to form, maximizing strength during contraction Signup and view all the answers

What leads to Rigor Mortis in muscles?

Inability to release calcium due to lack of ATP Signup and view all the answers

What does Twitch represent in muscle contractions?

Brief, weak contraction from a single action potential Signup and view all the answers

How does Twitch Summation differ from Tetanus?

'Twitch → Twitch Summation' results from single action potentials, while Tetanus is due to sustained contractile activity. Signup and view all the answers

Which energy source is involved in transferring high-energy phosphate to ADP during muscle contraction?

Creatine Phosphate Signup and view all the answers

Comparison of Nervous and Endocrine System, Muscle Physiology

Questions and Answers

What initiates the shortening process in muscle contraction?

Which receptors are found on the Sarcoplasmic Reticulum (S.R.) in muscle contraction?

What does Calcium do in muscle contraction?

Which event directly leads to the formation of a CrossBridge in muscle contraction?

What causes the Power Stroke in muscle contraction?

What is the role of ATP in muscle contraction?

Where are the primary target tissues of the Nervous System?

What is the primary function of the Endocrine System?

Which muscle type is classified as 'Striated'?

What is the primary component of the thin filaments in muscle physiology?

What protein attaches the entire muscle fiber unit to the sarcolemma?

Which organelle is responsible for ATP production in muscle cells?

What is the function of Titin in muscle physiology?

Where is calcium stored in a muscle cell?

What is the role of Calmodulin in muscle contraction?

Which type of smooth muscle consists of discrete units that must be separately stimulated by nerves to contract?

What is a characteristic feature of single-unit smooth muscle?

What distinguishes multiunit smooth muscle from single-unit smooth muscle?

In which type of muscle are cells interconnected by intercalated discs formed by gap junctions and desmosomes?

What is a key feature of cardiac muscle contraction compared to skeletal muscle contraction?

What type of muscle fibers stop at glycolysis and are anaerobic?

Which type of muscle fibers have fewer blood vessels due to the lack of myoglobin?

What is the underlying cause of muscle fatigue related to lack of ATP?

Which region of the brain plays a role in maintaining balance and controlling eye movements?

What genetic disease affects 1-3 men and causes inadequate shortening and lengthening of muscles?

What type of muscle fibers fatigue less and are rich in red color due to increased myoglobin?

Which structure monitors the force/tension created by muscles and protects them from excessive injury?

Which type of muscle lacks striations and has spindle-shaped cells with single nuclei?

What neurotransmitter is associated with the basal nuclei in the cerebral primary motor cortex?

What role does the cerebrocerebellum play in motor control?

What is the role of ATP in muscle contraction?

What is the main source of energy for muscle contraction as mentioned in the text?

Which type of muscle fibers are frequently used in daily activities such as walking and standing?

What occurs during Isometric contractions?

What is the significance of the Length-Tension Relationship in muscle contractions?

What leads to Rigor Mortis in muscles?

What does Twitch represent in muscle contractions?

How does Twitch Summation differ from Tetanus?

Which energy source is involved in transferring high-energy phosphate to ADP during muscle contraction?

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