Community Recreation Definitions and Delivery
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of non-profit organizations?

  • They are solely funded by government grants.
  • They operate to serve a social purpose. (correct)
  • They have unlimited resources.
  • They aim to generate profit for shareholders.

The concept of 'third place' refers to a location that is primarily used for business transactions.

False (B)

What is social infrastructure in the context of community recreation?

It refers to the facilities and services that support community engagement and social interaction.

According to Latham and Layton (2019), one dimension that influences the success of social infrastructure is __________.

<p>accessibility</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following sectors of recreation delivery with their characteristics:

<p>Public Sector = Operated by government entities Private Non-Profit = Focused on service rather than profit Private For-Profit = Operated to generate profit for owners Community Recreation = Designed to enhance community health and wellbeing</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do non-profit organizations differ from public organizations?

<p>Non-profits typically do not have shareholder obligations. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Successful social infrastructure only benefits certain demographics within a community.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does community recreation play in promoting community health?

<p>It provides opportunities for physical activity, social interaction, and community engagement which contribute to overall wellness.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary purpose of a strong mission statement in an organization?

<p>To guide decision-making and strategy (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

An executive director and a board member have the same roles and responsibilities in a non-profit organization.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Name one ethical principle that relates to non-profit leadership.

<p>Duty of loyalty</p> Signup and view all the answers

In-kind contributions refer to __________ rather than monetary donations.

<p>goods or services</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following income sources for non-profit organizations with their examples:

<p>Government funding = Grants from local government Private giving = Donations from individuals or foundations Earned income = Revenue from selling services or products</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes good governance in non-profit organizations?

<p>Transparency, accountability, and stakeholder involvement (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Program expenses and administrative expenses are the same in a non-profit budget.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are key players in public recreation decision-making?

<p>Municipal leaders, community residents, and stakeholders</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one argument in favor of user fees in public recreation?

<p>User fees can provide additional funding for maintenance and improvements. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The concept of 'double taxation' refers to paying for public services through both taxes and user fees.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the four responses of the recreation field to the economic contraction of the 1990s?

<p>Increased user fees, reduction of services, privatization of services, and seeking alternative funding.</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Crompton (2000), collective benefits of recreation include both __________ and __________ benefits.

<p>social, environmental</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following forms of privatization with their definitions:

<p>Sale of assets = Transferring ownership of public facilities to private entities Contracting out = Hiring private companies to provide public services Selling off service = Eliminating a governmental service and allowing private provision Public-private partnerships = Collaborative agreements between public agencies and private sector</p> Signup and view all the answers

What dimension of access to public space focuses on the availability of recreation resources?

<p>Supply (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Distributional justice ensures that recreation resources are allocated equally to all community members.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What factors contribute to the inequitable distribution of recreation resources?

<p>Economic disparities, geographic location, historical marginalization, and social inequalities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'critical consciousness' refer to in the context of recreation practitioners?

<p>Being aware of one's own biases and their impact on community services (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The concept of 'belonging' in recreation access refers to a person's feeling of acceptance within a community.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Provide an example that illustrates the difference between discrimination and accommodation in recreation.

<p>Women-only swimming programs allow for accommodation to ensure a safe space for women, whereas discrimination would involve banning women from swimming altogether.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Crompton and West (2008) define equity as the fair and ____ allocation of recreation resources.

<p>just</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match each conception of equity with its description:

<p>Equality = Equal distribution of resources to all Compensatory equity = Additional resources for disadvantaged groups Community benefit = Allocation aimed at maximizing overall community welfare Market equity = Resource distribution based on supply and demand</p> Signup and view all the answers

What impact do procedural barriers have on access to recreational services?

<p>They create obstacles that can prevent equitable access (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What historical evidence do Nzindukiyimana & O'Connor (2019) present to support their claim about the exclusion of Black Canadians from swimming?

<p>They discuss policies and social practices that historically marginalized Black Canadians and created barriers to access swimming facilities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Lisa Tink argues that inequities in the recreation system emerged by chance and were not systematically created.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Mission Statement

A concise statement that describes the organization's core purpose, values, and goals. It acts as a guiding principle for all organizational decisions and activities.

Board of Directors (Non-profit)

A group of individuals elected or appointed to oversee the organization's operations, ensure financial stability, and make strategic decisions. They are responsible for setting policies, monitoring performance, and ensuring ethical conduct.

Program Ratio

A measure of an organization's effectiveness in using its resources to achieve its mission. It is calculated by dividing program expenses by total expenses and is represented as a percentage. It provides a measure of how much of the organization's budget is dedicated to achieving its core programs.

Organizational Capacity

The ability of an organization to effectively plan, organize, finance, and implement its programs and services. It encompasses aspects like financial health, staff expertise, community engagement, and strategic planning.

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Duty of Loyalty

The duty of board members and leaders to act in the best interests of the organization, upholding its mission and values. It involves making decisions that are fair, transparent, and promote the organization's long-term sustainability.

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Duty of Care

The duty of board members and leaders to exercise reasonable care and diligence in their decision-making and oversight of the organization. It involves making informed, well-considered decisions and being accountable for their actions.

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Duty of Obedience

The duty of board members and leaders to follow the organization's governing documents, including its bylaws, policies, and regulations. It ensures that decisions align with the organization's legal and ethical framework.

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Executive Director vs. Board Member

The executive director is responsible for the day-to-day operations of the organization, implementing board decisions, managing staff, and overseeing programs. A board member provides oversight, strategic guidance, and ensures accountability.

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Community Recreation

The provision of recreational opportunities and programs to a community, typically through organizations in the public, non-profit, or private sectors.

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Hancock's Framework of Healthy Communities & Community Recreation

A theoretical framework suggesting healthy communities have strong social networks, economic opportunity, quality education, healthy lifestyles, and safe environments. Community recreation plays a role in connecting individuals, promoting physical activity, and contributing to the well-being of communities.

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Social Infrastructure

The infrastructure that supports social interaction, community building, and collective action; can include parks, community centers, libraries, and organizations that provide opportunities for people to connect and engage.

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Dimensions of Social Infrastructure

The aspects of a community that make its social infrastructure more successful, such as access (availability), affordability, responsiveness (to community needs), and participation. These dimensions help determine how effectively social infrastructure serves its purpose.

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Non-profit Organization

An organization established to serve a social purpose and generally exempt from paying taxes, operating with a mission to benefit the community. They often rely on donations, grants, and membership fees for funding.

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Non-profit vs. Public Organizations

Non-profit organizations often receive funding through grants, donations, and membership fees, while public organizations rely on tax revenue. Non-profits have flexible governance structures, while public organizations are subject to government regulations. However, both types share the purpose of serving the community.

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Third Place

A place that fosters social interaction, community building, and a sense of belonging. It is often described as a 'third place' because it is distinct from one's home (first place) and work (second place). Examples include coffee shops, libraries, and community centers.

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Social Infrastructure vs. Third Place

Both concepts emphasize the importance of social interaction and community building. Third place focuses on the physical space and its atmosphere that encourages community, while social infrastructure emphasizes the underlying resources and systems that support community engagement.

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User Fees in Public Recreation

Fees charged to users of public recreation facilities or services. These fees generate revenue to fund operations, maintenance, and improvements.

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Access to Public Recreation

The ability of individuals to easily and comfortably access and utilize public recreation spaces and services, without facing barriers or exclusion.

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Distributional Justice in Recreation

The fair and just distribution of recreation resources and opportunities, ensuring that all individuals and communities have equal access.

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Reverse Transfer of Income in Recreation

The transfer of wealth or income from those who use public recreation services to those who do not directly use them. This can occur through taxes or other forms of public funding.

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Double Taxation in Recreation

The situation where individuals are taxed twice for the same service - once through general taxes and again through user fees for public recreation.

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Permeability of Public Recreation

The extent to which public recreation spaces are inclusive and welcoming to diverse groups, fostering a sense of belonging and reducing exclusion.

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Privatization of Recreation

The act of transferring public recreation services, assets, or responsibilities from the government to private entities.

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Public/Collective Benefits of Recreation

The benefits of recreation that extend beyond the individual, benefiting society as a whole. These include environmental preservation, social cohesion, and improved health outcomes.

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Interactional Justice

Interactional justice emphasizes fair and respectful treatment in interactions. It considers how individuals are treated by recreation staff and other participants. For community recreation, this means ensuring inclusive environments where everyone feels respected and valued, regardless of their background.

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Critical Consciousness for Recreation Practitioners

A critical consciousness involves actively recognizing and challenging biases, power imbalances, and systemic inequalities within the recreation sector. It means being aware of how social structures and historical context influence recreation opportunities for different groups.

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Belonging in Recreation

Belonging refers to feeling connected to a community and experiencing a sense of acceptance and inclusion. This aspect of access is crucial as individuals who feel they belong are more likely to participate in recreation activities.

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Discrimination vs. Accommodation in Recreation

Discrimination involves denying individuals access or opportunities based on their identity or characteristics, resulting in unequal treatment. Accommodation, on the other hand, refers to making adjustments or modifications to provide everyone with equal access and opportunity.

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Equity in Recreation Resource Allocation

Equity in resource allocation is a principle that focuses on ensuring fair and just distribution of resources based on individual needs and circumstances. This means addressing existing disparities and promoting equal opportunity for access and participation.

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Equality in Recreation Resource Allocation

Equality prioritizes providing everyone with the same amount of resources, regardless of individual needs.

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Compensatory Equity in Recreation Resource Allocation

Compensatory equity aims to address past disadvantages and historical discrimination by allocating more resources to groups that have been historically marginalized. This approach seeks to level the playing field and promote greater equity.

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Community Benefit in Recreation Resource Allocation

Community benefit focuses on allocating resources based on the potential benefits for the entire community, emphasizing shared interests and collective well-being. This approach seeks to maximize positive outcomes for the community as a whole.

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Study Notes

Community Recreation: Definitions and Rationales

  • The community recreation sector is defined and described.
  • Hancock's framework for healthy communities connects community recreation and health.
  • Social infrastructure, according to Latham and Layton (2019), is explained and its importance discussed.
  • Dimensions of successful social infrastructure provision (Latham and Layton, 2019) are outlined.
  • The relationship between social infrastructure and a specific community recreation program is analyzed.
  • The concept of third place and its connection to social infrastructure are detailed (Jeffres et al., 2009; Latham and Layton, 2019).
  • The concept of third place is applied to a specific community recreation program.

Delivery Context: How is Recreation Delivered to Communities?

  • Recreation delivery in communities is categorized into public sector, private non-profit, and private for-profit sectors.
  • Key characteristics of non-profit organizations are described.
  • Differences between non-profit and public sector organizations are detailed (Murray, 2009; Hummell, 1996).
  • Similarities between non-profit and public sector organizations are listed.

Additional Questions and Topics

  • The role, responsibilities, and duties of a Board of Directors in non-profit organizations are outlined (Murray, 2009; Hummell, 1996).
  • Factors contributing to good governance in non-profits are identified (Hummell, 1996; Murray, 2009).
  • Ethical principles related to non-profit leadership (duty of loyalty, care, and obedience) are discussed (Hummell, 1996).
  • Differences between executive directors and board members in non-profits are explained.
  • Organizational capacity and its dimensions are explored (Hall, 2000).
  • Various income sources for non-profit organizations are described (government funding, private giving, earned income).
  • Information presented in a budget, and distinctions between budgets and statements of operations (Hummell, 2019) are clarified.
  • Program and administration expenses, fixed and variable expenses, and in-kind contributions are detailed.
  • Calculation of program ratios are explained.

Public Recreation Organizations

  • Key players involved in public recreation decision-making in municipalities are identified (Tindal, 1988).
  • Financial constraints and approaches to funding public recreation are discussed.
  • Financial impact of different funding approaches on taxpayers and users are compared.
  • Arguments for and against user fees in public recreation (Grewell, 2004; Adiv & Wolf-Powers, 2019) are presented.
  • Concepts of permeability, reverse transfer of income, and double taxation are explained.

Other Considerations

  • Equity in recreation service delivery is discussed (Crompton, 2000; Crompton & West, 2008).
  • The impact of privatization on recreation is detailed (Lahey, 1999).
  • Different forms of privatization (asset sale, contracting out, service sale, public-private partnerships) are explored.
  • The concept of access to public space (supply, distribution, permeability/belonging) is explained (Adiv, 2015; Adiv & Wolf-Powers, 2019).
  • Equitable/inequitable distribution of recreation resources are analyzed.
  • Interactional justice is illustrated using examples related to community recreation (Powers et al., 2024).
  • Critical consciousness in recreation practitioners is explained (Powers et al., 2024).
  • Belonging as a dimension affecting access to recreation is detailed (Adiv, 2015; Lenneis & Agergaard, 2018).
  • The difference between discrimination and accommodation (in relation to recreation) is explored.
  • Different conceptions of equity in recreation (equality, compensatory equity, community benefit, market equity) are described (Crompton & West, 2008).
  • The impact of procedural barriers to accessing recreation is explored (Berk & McGivern, 2016).
  • Social history of swimming in Canada and issues related to equity and access are discussed (Nzindukiyimana & O’Connor, 2019).
  • The Recreation Industrial Complex in Canada and its impact on equity are analyzed (Tink, 2022).

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Description

Explore the fundamental concepts of community recreation, including its definition, key frameworks, and the role of social infrastructure. This quiz also examines how recreation is delivered across different sectors within communities, focusing on the characteristics of non-profit organizations and successful program implementation.

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