RECL 2P15 Fall 2024 Final Exam Study Questions PDF

**FINAL EXAM STUDY QUESTIONS** **RECL 2P15, FALL 2024** *[Community Recreation: Definitions and Rationales]* - Define and describe the community recreation sector. - Draw on Hancock's framework of healthy communities to explain the connection between community recreation and community he...

**FINAL EXAM STUDY QUESTIONS** **RECL 2P15, FALL 2024** *[Community Recreation: Definitions and Rationales]* - Define and describe the community recreation sector. - Draw on Hancock's framework of healthy communities to explain the connection between community recreation and community health. In other words, how does community recreation contribute to a healthy community? - Something that helps explains the value of community recreation is the concept of *social infrastructure*. Draw on Latham and Layton (2019) to answer: What is social infrastructure, and why does it matter? - Sometimes communities do a poor job of providing social infrastructure. Other communities have great social infrastructure. According to Latham and Layton (2019), what are the dimensions of provision that make social infrastructure more (or less) successful? - Relate the concept of social infrastructure to the community recreation program you participated in for your class assignment. Would you consider your program site an example of successful social infrastructure? Why or why not? - Another key concept in community recreation is the concept of *third place*. How is the concept of third place similar to the concept of social infrastructure? Draw on the readings by Jeffres et al. (2009) and Latham and Layton (2019) to identify the conceptual similarities (and differences) between these two concepts. - Relate the concept of third place to the community recreation program you participated in for your class assignment. Would you consider your program site a good example of a third place? Why or why not? *[Delivery Context: How is Recreation Delivered to Communities? ]* In most communities, recreation is delivered to people through organizations that operate in three different sectors: public sector, private non-profit, and private for-profit. In class, we focused mainly on recreation organizations operating in the public and non-profit sectors. *Non-Profit Organizations* - State and describe six characteristics of non-profit organizations. - According to Murray (2009), Hummell, (1996) and course content, what are four ways that non-profit organizations differ from organizations in the public sector? What are two ways that non-profit and public organizations are similar? - Was the organization that offered the community recreation program you participated in for your class assignment a non-profit organization? Explain how you know. - Drawing on Hummell (1996), seminar, and Murray (2009), describe the purpose an organizational *mission statement.* How would you contrast a strong versus weak mission statement? - Draw on lecture, Murray (2009), and Hummell (1996) to articulate the roles, responsibilities, and duties of a Board of Directors in non-profit organizations. - Draw on course materials, Hummell (1996), and Murray (2009) to identify three factors that contribute to good governance in non-profit organizations. Explain your choices. - Draw on lecture, seminar and Hummell (1996) to explain the ethical principles the *duty of loyalty,* the *duty of care*, and the *duty of obedience* as they relate to non-profit leadership. - In non-profit organizations, what is the difference between an executive director and a board member? - Draw on Hall (2000) to explain organizational capacity and define its different dimensions? - What are the different income sources available to non-profit organizations? Describe and provide examples of the different sources of government funding, private giving, and earned income for non-profits. - What information is presented in a budget? What is the difference between a budget and a statement of operations? Draw on Hummell (2019) and seminar to explain the difference between program and administration expenses, and fixed and variable expenses. Explain 'in-kind' contributions. - Explain and be able to calculate an organization's *program ratio.* *Public Recreation Organizations* - Decisions affecting public recreation emerge through the interplay and influence of different 'key players' in the municipality. Draw on lecture and Tindal (1988) to name and describe the key players, and their role or influence on decision-making in municipalities. - Economic constraints usher in conversations about how to pay for public recreation, and whether public recreation should be paid for with only taxes, or a combination of taxes and user fees. Explain the difference between these two approaches, in terms of the financial impact on the taxpayer and the user. - Draw on Grewell (2004), Adiv & Wolf-Powers (2019), to identify the arguments in favour and against user fees as a revenue source in public recreation. What are the reasons that people are in favour of user fees in public recreation? What are the reasons that people are opposed to user fees in public recreation? - Explain what is meant by the concept of 'permeability', 'reverse transfer of income', and 'double taxation' in the context of paying for public recreation. - Economic constraints also usher in conversations about how public recreation should be delivered, including whether recreation should receive public funding. The field of recreation responded to the economic contraction of the 1990s in four different ways. Describe these four responses, and the impact of each. - Draw on Crompton (2000) to differentiate between *private* and *public* (sometimes called *individual* and *collective)* benefits of recreation. According to Crompton (2000), what *are* the public/collective benefits of recreation? - Draw on Crompton's (2000) benefits framework to argue for/against publicly subsidizing a specific recreation activity or facility (e.g., dog park, bocce court). - How does Lahey (1999) define privatization? What does she suggest are the driving forces of privatization? - Draw on Lahey (1999) to define, explain, and discuss the pro and cons of four different forms of privatization: (1) sale of assets, (2) contracting out, (3) selling off service, and (4) public-private partnerships. \*Be able to identify and assess the form of different cases of privatization.\* *[Thinking about Service Gaps: Access, Equity, Exclusion, and Belonging]* - Draw on Adiv (2015) and Adiv & Wolf-Powers (2019) to provide a definition of *access.* Articulate the significance of the three dimensions of access to public space: supply, distribution, and permeability/belonging. Explain an approach that could be used to assess each dimension of access. - Draw on Adiv and Wolf-Powers (2019), Powers et al (2024), and lecture notes to explain the concept of distributional justice. - Describe the evidence that shows that recreation is not distributed equitably. What factors contribute to the equitable / inequitable distribution of recreation resources, both historically and currently? - Draw on Powers et al (2024) to explain the concept of interactional justice and how it relates to community recreation. Provide an example. - Explain what Powers et al. (2024) mean by recreation practitioners having a *critical consciousness.* What does that involve? - One of the three dimensions of access is *belonging.* Draw on Adiv (2015) and Lenneis & Agergaard (2018) to explain the concept of *belonging* and how it affects access to recreation*.* - Use the example of women-only swimming programs to illustrate the difference between *discrimination* and *accommodation.* - When resources are limited, public sectors must made decisions about how to fairly and equitably allocate those limited resources. Draw on Crompton and West (2008) to define equity. - There are multiple ways to conceive of equity in the world of recreation services delivery. Crompton and West (2008) present four: (1) equality, (2) compensatory equity, (3) community benefit, and (4) market equity. Describe each. \*Be able to demonstrate how resources are allocated differently based on the different conception of equity that is guiding the decision-making.\* - Draw on Berk and McGivern (2016) and lecture to discuss the impact of procedural barriers to accessing recreation. What are procedural barriers? - \*Be able to critique leisure access policies and offer recommendations for improvement.\* - In "Let's not meet at the pool," a social history of swimming in Canada, Nzindukiyimana & O'Connor (2019) claim that the dominance of Whiteness in swimming is not because of a lack of ability or interest in swimming among Black Canadians, but because of social exclusion. How did these authors support their claim with historical evidence? Describe the historical evidence presented in the paper. - In her book titled *Fit to be Canadian? The Recreation Industrial Complex in Canada*, Lisa Tink (2022) makes the argument that the inequities in today's recreation system are not happenstance but are the result of decades of effort to *build* and *secure* the system so that it primarily serves the white middle class. What are two pieces of evidence provided by Tink to support her claim? What else can you draw from the course materials to support this claim? Identify two additional pieces of evidence.