Community-Focused Policing Strategies

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Questions and Answers

What are the three "R"s" that the professional model of policing is based on?

Random patrol, rapid response, and reactive investigation

What are the three "P"s" that guide community policing?

Prevention, Protection, and Punishment

Proactive, Passive, and Partnership

Police, Public, and Prevention

Partnership, Problem-solving, and Prevention (correct)

What are the two main types of security measures employed in correctional institutions?

Active and Passive

Static and Dynamic (correct)

Internal and External

Physical and Psychological

What are some of the challenges that correctional institutions face in terms of providing adequate healthcare?

Chronic understaffing and high turnover among mental health staff, inadequate mental health care, a high prevalence of mental health conditions, and gender and racial disparities in access to treatment Signup and view all the answers

Ashley Smith was diagnosed with several mental illnesses. Which of these was NOT one of them?

Schizophrenia Signup and view all the answers

What are the main goals of the Panopticon, as described in the text?

Surveillance, control, and discipline Signup and view all the answers

What is the central philosophy of punishment used in Norway's prison system, as described in the text?

Rehabilitation Signup and view all the answers

The Panopticon is a design in which the guard can see all prisoners at once, but the prisoners cannot see the guard.

True Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the mega-prison constructed in El Salvador to address gang violence?

The mega-prison for gang members in El Salvador is not explicitly named in the text. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for the El Salvadorian government's construction of the mega-prison for gang members?

To reduce gang violence by isolating them in a highly secure facility Signup and view all the answers

What is the main concern regarding the use of solitary confinement in correctional institutions, as highlighted by Ashley Smith's case?

It can exacerbate mental health issues and worsen self-harming behaviors Signup and view all the answers

What are the three main types of sentencing goals discussed in the text?

Utilitarian, retributive, and restorative Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a type of correctional institution mentioned in the text?

Secure detention centers Signup and view all the answers

What are the two main types of security measures used in correctional institutions?

Static and dynamic security Signup and view all the answers

What type of training is required for Correctional Officers in Canada?

Applicants must undergo a combination of tests, interviews, psychological assessments, and training programs that can range from 21 weeks to several months, with specialized training offered for those working with women inmates. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Policing Strategies and Effectiveness

Professional model of policing relies on the 3 R's: Random patrol, Rapid response, and Reactive investigation.
This model lacks proactive strategies and analytical approaches to address root causes of crime.
Studies show random patrol has minimal effect on crime rates and public satisfaction.
Community policing emphasizes collaboration between police and communities to solve crime and improve quality of life.
Guided by the 3 P's (Prevention, Problem-solving, and Partnership).
Officers are proactive, build relationships, and work with community members to address underlying issues.
Community-focused strategic policing prioritizes public safety and addresses specific threats while maintaining community ties.
This blends principles of community policing with strategic crime response and prevention.

Community-Focused Strategic Policing Techniques

Data-driven approaches use analytics to identify crime patterns and high-potential crime areas.
Police use problem-oriented policing models like SARA (Scanning, Analysis, Response, and Assessment) to identify root causes of crime rather than individual incidents.

Public Attitudes and Police-Community Partnerships

Public attitudes towards police vary based on demographic factors (Blacks and Indigenous report lower trust).
Systemic issues like over-policing and racial bias shape attitudes towards police.
Police-community partnerships face historical distrust, unrealistic expectations, and cultural differences between communities and police forces.

Crime Prevention and Response Programs

Primary crime prevention aims to reduce opportunities for crime by altering conditions that make crime more likely (e.g., CCTV).
Secondary crime prevention focuses on addressing root causes of crime in high-risk areas/groups.
Crime response strategies include the broken windows approach: focus on addressing minor disorders to prevent larger crimes.
Effective strategies may involve reduced use of force, and collaborative, community-oriented policing.

Crime Response Strategies and Effectiveness

Zero-tolerance and quality-of-life policing are crime response strategies that can reduce crime.
Some strategies like tactical-directed patrol are effective when focused on high-risk locations but intensive resources.
Specific techniques may increase visibility and improve community trust.

Courts and Judiciary

Criminal courts operate in a hierarchical structure (Provincial/Territorial Courts, Superior Courts, Courts of Appeal, Supreme Court of Canada).
Specialized problem-solving courts (addiction, mental health, Indigenous) aim to divert offenders with specific needs away from the traditional system using treatment and rehabilitation.
These courts improve outcomes but have eligibility criteria.
Indigenous courts focus on alternative sentencing, often drawing on restorative justice and cultural practices to provide culturally appropriate outcomes.

Challenges of Providing Judicial Services in Remote Areas

Circuit courts address the challenge of providing necessary justice in remote community areas through traveling judges and legal professionals.
Challenges include differing cultures and lack of resources/interpreters.
Courts use community-based problem-solving approaches like restorative justice.

Courtroom Workgroup

The workgroup comprises judges, justices of the peace, defense lawyers, and Crown attorneys.
Judges rule on evidence, determine guilt, and sentence.
Defense lawyers protect the accused's rights.
Crown attorneys prosecute cases.

Judicial Ethics and Accountability

Judges are held to high ethical standards (impartiality, integrity, professionalism).
Judicial independence and accountability are in tension.
Complaints of misconduct (bias, inappropriate conduct) are taken seriously and investigated.

Sentencing Goals

Utilitarian goals focus on preventing future crime, such as general and specific deterrence, and proportionality.
Retributive goals address the idea of "doing the right thing" and fitting punishment to the crime's seriousness.
Restorative goals focus on repairing harms from the crime and supporting victim and community healing.

Incapacitation

Incapacitation is a sentencing goal to remove an offender from society effectively preventing commission of future crimes.
Involves imprisonment/restricting their freedom.

Rehabilitation

Rehabilitation aims to address why the offender committed the crime.
Treatment, counseling, education and job training is offered to change behavior to prevent re-offending.

Restoration

Restoration in criminal justice emphasizes repairing harm caused by crime and supporting victim, offender, and community healing.
The goal is to support individuals and the community to repair harm done.

Sentencing Options

Judges have various sentencing options, including absolute discharges, conditional discharges, suspended sentences, fines, intermittent sentences, probation, conditional sentences, and imprisonment.
Each option has pros and cons in terms of suitability for various crimes and effectiveness in specific cases.

Issues Surrounding Sentencing of Indigenous Offenders

Indigenous offenders are overrepresented in the prison population, impacted by systemic challenges like colonialism, residential schools.
Gladue reports must be considered to accommodate their unique backgrounds during sentencing to consider restorative justice alternatives.

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Description

Explore the effectiveness of modern policing strategies, including community policing and data-driven approaches. Understand the shift from traditional reactive methods to proactive techniques aimed at enhancing public safety and building community relationships. This quiz covers key concepts such as the 3 R's and the 3 P's in policing.