Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the primary goal of reactive patrol?
What is the ultimate goal of proactive patrol?
What is the primary focus of community-oriented policing?
What is the main benefit of community partnerships in community-oriented policing?
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What is the primary function of community representatives in community-oriented policing?
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What is the most critical timing for checking the functionality of patrol equipment?
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What is the primary responsibility of an officer regarding the maintenance of equipment?
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What is the primary purpose of roll call?
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What type of information is shared during roll call?
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What is one of the primary steps in becoming familiar with your assigned patrol area?
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What is a major advantage of using a motor vehicle for patrol?
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What is an advantage of patrolling on foot during the day?
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What is a disadvantage of using a motor vehicle for patrol?
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What is an advantage of patrolling on foot at night?
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Why is it important to change your patrol routine?
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What is the primary purpose of observation in law enforcement?
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Which of the following is an example of concealment?
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What is the key difference between cover and concealment?
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Why is it preferable to use cover rather than concealment?
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What can affect your vision, aside from visual defects like nearsightedness and farsightedness?
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What can prevent you from recognizing specific sounds that indicate a crime or incident is in progress?
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What can hide other smells in an outdoor environment?
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What is a hazardous material that is harmful if inhaled and can be fatal if left untreated?
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What should you avoid doing when dealing with unknown substances in containers?
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Why should you exercise caution when opening and closing containers?
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Study Notes
Reactive Patrol
- Responding to or dealing with a crime after it occurs
- Requires immediate response to an incident to increase the likelihood of catching a suspect
- Typical in traditional policing, involving responding to calls and taking reports about recurring problems in the community
Proactive Patrol
- Discourages criminal activity through a regular officer presence in the area
- Involves continuously traveling through the patrol area to establish a visible presence
- Requires interacting with residents and the public for short periods to build relationships
- Fosters close ties with community members, providing a potential source of information for future investigations
Reactive Patrol
- Responding to or dealing with a crime after it occurs
- Requires immediate response to an incident to increase the likelihood of catching a suspect
- Typical in traditional policing, involving responding to calls and taking reports about recurring problems in the community
Proactive Patrol
- Discourages criminal activity through a regular officer presence in the area
- Involves continuously traveling through the patrol area to establish a visible presence
- Requires interacting with residents and the public for short periods to build relationships
- Fosters close ties with community members, providing a potential source of information for future investigations
Community-Oriented Policing
- Aims to address the root causes of crime and other community issues through collaboration between law enforcement and the community
- Focuses on identifying and solving problems specific to particular neighborhoods
Key Components of Community-Oriented Policing
-
Community Partnerships
- Foster understanding and trust between law enforcement agencies and the community
- Partners may include law enforcement representatives, government agencies (e.g., public housing, mental health), and community representatives (e.g., local businesses, professionals, neighborhood leaders)
-
Problem Solving
- Enables the development of long-term, proactive programs to address community problems
- Examples of building community partnerships include:
- Conversing with local restaurant owners and patrons
- Engaging in community activities (e.g., playing basketball with youth while on patrol)
- Positive relationships facilitate information sharing to better understand crime-related issues and inform the community about law enforcement methods
Community-Oriented Policing
- Community-oriented policing consists of two main components: community partnerships and problem solving.
- Community partnerships aim to increase understanding and trust between law enforcement agencies and their communities.
Community Partnerships
- Community partners may include:
- Law enforcement representatives (elected, sworn, or civilian)
- Government representatives (e.g. public housing and mental health agencies)
- Community representatives (e.g. local businesses, professional groups, and neighborhood leaders)
- Building community partnershipsallows law enforcement agencies to develop long-term, proactive programs and address community problems.
Problem Solving
- Problem solving is the second component of community-oriented policing.
- Effective community partnerships enable information sharing to learn about crime-related issues in the community.
- Community partnerships establish a bond and inform the community about law enforcement agencies' methods and duties.
Building Community Partnerships
- Building relationships through casual conversations, such as with local restaurant owners and patrons.
- Engaging in community activities, such as playing basketball with local youth, can help build positive relationships.
- Positive and professional relationships enable information sharing and foster trust between law enforcement agencies and the community.
Pre-Shift Equipment Checks
- Ensure all equipment is present and functional on your duty belt at the start of every shift.
- Verify the functionality of essential items, including flashlights.
Patrol Vehicle Inspections
- Regularly inspect patrol vehicles to ensure all equipment is working properly.
- Verify that preventive maintenance on vehicles is up to date.
Emergency Equipment Checks
- Frequently inspect emergency equipment, such as fire extinguishers, biohazard gear, and first-aid kits, to ensure functionality.
Body Camera Maintenance and Use
- If required to wear a body camera, receive training on its proper use, maintenance, and storage.
- Understand the legal requirements for recording law enforcement activities with body cameras.
- Know the data retention period for recorded footage.
General Equipment Maintenance
- Never assume that others have maintained equipment; always verify functionality and safety.
- Routinely check equipment to ensure it is working and stored safely.
Roll Call Overview
- Brief operational meeting that officers attend before starting a shift
- Provides information about current issues to keep in mind while on patrol
Sources of Information
- Oral instruction from supervisors
- Records and reports of officers from previous shifts
- Computer systems, radios, telephones, or other media (in some agencies)
Roll Call Information
- BOLOs (Be On the Lookout)
- Addresses requiring extra patrol
- Addresses requesting extra patrol
- Wanted and missing persons
- Stolen vehicles
- Stolen and lost vehicle license plates
- Suspicious incidents
- Officer safety bulletins
- Safety concerns
Becoming Familiar with the Patrol Area
- As a patrol officer, one of the first things to learn is the layout of the assigned area, district, or jurisdiction, which may remain the same or change daily.
- Factors that influence patrol area changes include staffing, number of calls, and individual assignments.
- Before going on patrol, identify the boundaries of the assigned area.
- Familiarize yourself with the area by learning about:
Key Features
- Major roads
- Landmarks
- Community resources
- Always carry a map with important landmarks and patrol areas highlighted.
- Identify key people in the area, including:
Community Members
- Neighborhood watches
- Business owners
- Mail carriers
- Utility and sanitation workers
- Newspaper delivery people
- Regular pedestrians and drivers
- Familiarize yourself with community resources, such as:
Community Resources
- Shelters
- Social service agencies
- Internal agency resources
Becoming Familiar with the Patrol Area
- As a patrol officer, one of the first things to learn is the layout of the assigned area, district, or jurisdiction, which may remain the same or change daily.
- Factors that influence patrol area changes include staffing, number of calls, and individual assignments.
- Before going on patrol, identify the boundaries of the assigned area.
- Familiarize yourself with the area by learning about:
Key Features
- Major roads
- Landmarks
- Community resources
- Always carry a map with important landmarks and patrol areas highlighted.
- Identify key people in the area, including:
Community Members
- Neighborhood watches
- Business owners
- Mail carriers
- Utility and sanitation workers
- Newspaper delivery people
- Regular pedestrians and drivers
- Familiarize yourself with community resources, such as:
Community Resources
- Shelters
- Social service agencies
- Internal agency resources
Patrol Methods
- There are various patrol methods, including motor vehicle, foot, and bicycle patrol, as well as specialized forms such as marine, mounted, air, ATV, motorcycle, and personal transporters.
Choosing a Patrol Method
- The area being patrolled determines the most suitable patrol method to use.
Vehicle Patrol
- Using a vehicle allows for coverage of larger areas.
- However, it can isolate officers from residents and divert their attention.
Foot Patrol
- Advantages of foot patrol include:
- Being visible to the public and accessible to the community.
- Ability to closely investigate community concerns and observe specific areas.
- Daytime foot patrol:
- Offers high visibility to community members.
- Provides greater access to the patrol environment, allowing for observation of minor details.
- Nighttime foot patrol:
- Allows officers to use darkness to conceal their approach to calls for service.
Effective Patrol Strategy
- Varying patrol routines is essential to prevent others from predicting patrol patterns.
- Combining vehicle and foot patrol enables officers to cover large areas and observe specific areas closely.
Observation in Law Enforcement
- Observation is the act of recognizing an occurrence using your senses to notice people, things, or circumstances
- Observational skills can be improved through practice, such as memorizing descriptions of cars, people, and details at a scene
Observing Others
- When observing others, take note of their: • Appearance • Height • Weight • Hair • Clothing • Approximate age • Other personal details
Observing Situations
- Focus on situations or behaviors that are important to law enforcement
- Note what is usual or unusual activity within a certain area
- Avoid distractions and observe the entire scene before making a judgment
Identifying Cover and Concealment
- When arriving at a scene, immediately identify cover and concealment areas to observe activity and protect yourself from threats.
Cover Techniques
- Cover is a bullet-resistant barrier between an officer and a threat, protecting from incoming gunfire.
- Examples of cover include:
- Automobile engine blocks
- Brick walls
- Dirt embankments
- Concrete
- Steel
- Thick wood
- Move from cover to cover when approaching or advancing on a shooter to keep your head and body protected.
Concealment Techniques
- Concealment is an object or group of objects that creates a visual barrier between an officer and a threat, but may not stop a projectile.
- Concealment provides camouflage, allowing you to observe and remain hidden from view.
- Examples of concealment include:
- Shrubs
- Fences
- Interior walls
- Objects that keep you hidden from view and provide a position to observe from
- It is preferable to use cover rather than concealment, as cover provides greater protection from incoming gunfire.
Visual Observation
- Environmental and physical factors can affect vision, including visual defects like nearsightedness and farsightedness that require corrective lenses
- Lighting from objects can distort color perception, and dimly lit objects can blend into the background and be hard to distinguish
Auditory Observation
- Background noises can prevent recognition of specific sounds indicating a crime or incident
- Noise from traffic, residences, and environmental sounds can be distracting
Olfactory Observation
- Smell can help identify dangerous or illegal substances, such as gasoline, petroleum products, natural gas, or gunpowder
- Weather conditions or health can affect the sense of smell, and strong odors can inhibit the ability to smell other substances
- Hazardous materials like chlorine gas or ammonia can be harmful if inhaled
- Some hazardous substances, like fentanyl, are not easily recognizable and can be fatal if inhaled
Tactile Observation
- Touch can help identify items during a search, but always wear gloves and appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) to avoid touching hazardous materials
- Gloves will also ensure the crime scene is not disturbed
- Touching tires or engines to check for heat can help determine if a vehicle was recently driven
Importance of Safety
- Never use taste to identify unknown substances, as it can be fatal
- Use senses to identify safety concerns, but prioritize safety and take precautions to avoid harm
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Description
Learn about the differences between reactive and proactive patrol strategies in law enforcement. Understand how they impact crime prevention and community policing.
