Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the primary goal of reactive patrol?
What is the primary goal of reactive patrol?
What is the ultimate goal of proactive patrol?
What is the ultimate goal of proactive patrol?
What is the primary focus of community-oriented policing?
What is the primary focus of community-oriented policing?
What is the main benefit of community partnerships in community-oriented policing?
What is the main benefit of community partnerships in community-oriented policing?
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What is the primary function of community representatives in community-oriented policing?
What is the primary function of community representatives in community-oriented policing?
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What is the most critical timing for checking the functionality of patrol equipment?
What is the most critical timing for checking the functionality of patrol equipment?
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What is the primary responsibility of an officer regarding the maintenance of equipment?
What is the primary responsibility of an officer regarding the maintenance of equipment?
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What is the primary purpose of roll call?
What is the primary purpose of roll call?
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What type of information is shared during roll call?
What type of information is shared during roll call?
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What is one of the primary steps in becoming familiar with your assigned patrol area?
What is one of the primary steps in becoming familiar with your assigned patrol area?
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What is a major advantage of using a motor vehicle for patrol?
What is a major advantage of using a motor vehicle for patrol?
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What is an advantage of patrolling on foot during the day?
What is an advantage of patrolling on foot during the day?
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What is a disadvantage of using a motor vehicle for patrol?
What is a disadvantage of using a motor vehicle for patrol?
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What is an advantage of patrolling on foot at night?
What is an advantage of patrolling on foot at night?
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Why is it important to change your patrol routine?
Why is it important to change your patrol routine?
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What is the primary purpose of observation in law enforcement?
What is the primary purpose of observation in law enforcement?
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Which of the following is an example of concealment?
Which of the following is an example of concealment?
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What is the key difference between cover and concealment?
What is the key difference between cover and concealment?
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Why is it preferable to use cover rather than concealment?
Why is it preferable to use cover rather than concealment?
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What can affect your vision, aside from visual defects like nearsightedness and farsightedness?
What can affect your vision, aside from visual defects like nearsightedness and farsightedness?
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What can prevent you from recognizing specific sounds that indicate a crime or incident is in progress?
What can prevent you from recognizing specific sounds that indicate a crime or incident is in progress?
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What can hide other smells in an outdoor environment?
What can hide other smells in an outdoor environment?
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What is a hazardous material that is harmful if inhaled and can be fatal if left untreated?
What is a hazardous material that is harmful if inhaled and can be fatal if left untreated?
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What should you avoid doing when dealing with unknown substances in containers?
What should you avoid doing when dealing with unknown substances in containers?
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Why should you exercise caution when opening and closing containers?
Why should you exercise caution when opening and closing containers?
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Study Notes
Reactive Patrol
- Responding to or dealing with a crime after it occurs
- Requires immediate response to an incident to increase the likelihood of catching a suspect
- Typical in traditional policing, involving responding to calls and taking reports about recurring problems in the community
Proactive Patrol
- Discourages criminal activity through a regular officer presence in the area
- Involves continuously traveling through the patrol area to establish a visible presence
- Requires interacting with residents and the public for short periods to build relationships
- Fosters close ties with community members, providing a potential source of information for future investigations
Reactive Patrol
- Responding to or dealing with a crime after it occurs
- Requires immediate response to an incident to increase the likelihood of catching a suspect
- Typical in traditional policing, involving responding to calls and taking reports about recurring problems in the community
Proactive Patrol
- Discourages criminal activity through a regular officer presence in the area
- Involves continuously traveling through the patrol area to establish a visible presence
- Requires interacting with residents and the public for short periods to build relationships
- Fosters close ties with community members, providing a potential source of information for future investigations
Community-Oriented Policing
- Aims to address the root causes of crime and other community issues through collaboration between law enforcement and the community
- Focuses on identifying and solving problems specific to particular neighborhoods
Key Components of Community-Oriented Policing
-
Community Partnerships
- Foster understanding and trust between law enforcement agencies and the community
- Partners may include law enforcement representatives, government agencies (e.g., public housing, mental health), and community representatives (e.g., local businesses, professionals, neighborhood leaders)
-
Problem Solving
- Enables the development of long-term, proactive programs to address community problems
- Examples of building community partnerships include:
- Conversing with local restaurant owners and patrons
- Engaging in community activities (e.g., playing basketball with youth while on patrol)
- Positive relationships facilitate information sharing to better understand crime-related issues and inform the community about law enforcement methods
Community-Oriented Policing
- Community-oriented policing consists of two main components: community partnerships and problem solving.
- Community partnerships aim to increase understanding and trust between law enforcement agencies and their communities.
Community Partnerships
- Community partners may include:
- Law enforcement representatives (elected, sworn, or civilian)
- Government representatives (e.g. public housing and mental health agencies)
- Community representatives (e.g. local businesses, professional groups, and neighborhood leaders)
- Building community partnershipsallows law enforcement agencies to develop long-term, proactive programs and address community problems.
Problem Solving
- Problem solving is the second component of community-oriented policing.
- Effective community partnerships enable information sharing to learn about crime-related issues in the community.
- Community partnerships establish a bond and inform the community about law enforcement agencies' methods and duties.
Building Community Partnerships
- Building relationships through casual conversations, such as with local restaurant owners and patrons.
- Engaging in community activities, such as playing basketball with local youth, can help build positive relationships.
- Positive and professional relationships enable information sharing and foster trust between law enforcement agencies and the community.
Pre-Shift Equipment Checks
- Ensure all equipment is present and functional on your duty belt at the start of every shift.
- Verify the functionality of essential items, including flashlights.
Patrol Vehicle Inspections
- Regularly inspect patrol vehicles to ensure all equipment is working properly.
- Verify that preventive maintenance on vehicles is up to date.
Emergency Equipment Checks
- Frequently inspect emergency equipment, such as fire extinguishers, biohazard gear, and first-aid kits, to ensure functionality.
Body Camera Maintenance and Use
- If required to wear a body camera, receive training on its proper use, maintenance, and storage.
- Understand the legal requirements for recording law enforcement activities with body cameras.
- Know the data retention period for recorded footage.
General Equipment Maintenance
- Never assume that others have maintained equipment; always verify functionality and safety.
- Routinely check equipment to ensure it is working and stored safely.
Roll Call Overview
- Brief operational meeting that officers attend before starting a shift
- Provides information about current issues to keep in mind while on patrol
Sources of Information
- Oral instruction from supervisors
- Records and reports of officers from previous shifts
- Computer systems, radios, telephones, or other media (in some agencies)
Roll Call Information
- BOLOs (Be On the Lookout)
- Addresses requiring extra patrol
- Addresses requesting extra patrol
- Wanted and missing persons
- Stolen vehicles
- Stolen and lost vehicle license plates
- Suspicious incidents
- Officer safety bulletins
- Safety concerns
Becoming Familiar with the Patrol Area
- As a patrol officer, one of the first things to learn is the layout of the assigned area, district, or jurisdiction, which may remain the same or change daily.
- Factors that influence patrol area changes include staffing, number of calls, and individual assignments.
- Before going on patrol, identify the boundaries of the assigned area.
- Familiarize yourself with the area by learning about:
Key Features
- Major roads
- Landmarks
- Community resources
- Always carry a map with important landmarks and patrol areas highlighted.
- Identify key people in the area, including:
Community Members
- Neighborhood watches
- Business owners
- Mail carriers
- Utility and sanitation workers
- Newspaper delivery people
- Regular pedestrians and drivers
- Familiarize yourself with community resources, such as:
Community Resources
- Shelters
- Social service agencies
- Internal agency resources
Becoming Familiar with the Patrol Area
- As a patrol officer, one of the first things to learn is the layout of the assigned area, district, or jurisdiction, which may remain the same or change daily.
- Factors that influence patrol area changes include staffing, number of calls, and individual assignments.
- Before going on patrol, identify the boundaries of the assigned area.
- Familiarize yourself with the area by learning about:
Key Features
- Major roads
- Landmarks
- Community resources
- Always carry a map with important landmarks and patrol areas highlighted.
- Identify key people in the area, including:
Community Members
- Neighborhood watches
- Business owners
- Mail carriers
- Utility and sanitation workers
- Newspaper delivery people
- Regular pedestrians and drivers
- Familiarize yourself with community resources, such as:
Community Resources
- Shelters
- Social service agencies
- Internal agency resources
Patrol Methods
- There are various patrol methods, including motor vehicle, foot, and bicycle patrol, as well as specialized forms such as marine, mounted, air, ATV, motorcycle, and personal transporters.
Choosing a Patrol Method
- The area being patrolled determines the most suitable patrol method to use.
Vehicle Patrol
- Using a vehicle allows for coverage of larger areas.
- However, it can isolate officers from residents and divert their attention.
Foot Patrol
- Advantages of foot patrol include:
- Being visible to the public and accessible to the community.
- Ability to closely investigate community concerns and observe specific areas.
- Daytime foot patrol:
- Offers high visibility to community members.
- Provides greater access to the patrol environment, allowing for observation of minor details.
- Nighttime foot patrol:
- Allows officers to use darkness to conceal their approach to calls for service.
Effective Patrol Strategy
- Varying patrol routines is essential to prevent others from predicting patrol patterns.
- Combining vehicle and foot patrol enables officers to cover large areas and observe specific areas closely.
Observation in Law Enforcement
- Observation is the act of recognizing an occurrence using your senses to notice people, things, or circumstances
- Observational skills can be improved through practice, such as memorizing descriptions of cars, people, and details at a scene
Observing Others
- When observing others, take note of their: • Appearance • Height • Weight • Hair • Clothing • Approximate age • Other personal details
Observing Situations
- Focus on situations or behaviors that are important to law enforcement
- Note what is usual or unusual activity within a certain area
- Avoid distractions and observe the entire scene before making a judgment
Identifying Cover and Concealment
- When arriving at a scene, immediately identify cover and concealment areas to observe activity and protect yourself from threats.
Cover Techniques
- Cover is a bullet-resistant barrier between an officer and a threat, protecting from incoming gunfire.
- Examples of cover include:
- Automobile engine blocks
- Brick walls
- Dirt embankments
- Concrete
- Steel
- Thick wood
- Move from cover to cover when approaching or advancing on a shooter to keep your head and body protected.
Concealment Techniques
- Concealment is an object or group of objects that creates a visual barrier between an officer and a threat, but may not stop a projectile.
- Concealment provides camouflage, allowing you to observe and remain hidden from view.
- Examples of concealment include:
- Shrubs
- Fences
- Interior walls
- Objects that keep you hidden from view and provide a position to observe from
- It is preferable to use cover rather than concealment, as cover provides greater protection from incoming gunfire.
Visual Observation
- Environmental and physical factors can affect vision, including visual defects like nearsightedness and farsightedness that require corrective lenses
- Lighting from objects can distort color perception, and dimly lit objects can blend into the background and be hard to distinguish
Auditory Observation
- Background noises can prevent recognition of specific sounds indicating a crime or incident
- Noise from traffic, residences, and environmental sounds can be distracting
Olfactory Observation
- Smell can help identify dangerous or illegal substances, such as gasoline, petroleum products, natural gas, or gunpowder
- Weather conditions or health can affect the sense of smell, and strong odors can inhibit the ability to smell other substances
- Hazardous materials like chlorine gas or ammonia can be harmful if inhaled
- Some hazardous substances, like fentanyl, are not easily recognizable and can be fatal if inhaled
Tactile Observation
- Touch can help identify items during a search, but always wear gloves and appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) to avoid touching hazardous materials
- Gloves will also ensure the crime scene is not disturbed
- Touching tires or engines to check for heat can help determine if a vehicle was recently driven
Importance of Safety
- Never use taste to identify unknown substances, as it can be fatal
- Use senses to identify safety concerns, but prioritize safety and take precautions to avoid harm
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Description
Learn about the differences between reactive and proactive patrol strategies in law enforcement. Understand how they impact crime prevention and community policing.
