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Questions and Answers
Which of the following is NOT a type of touch studied in haptics?
Which of the following is NOT a type of touch studied in haptics?
What is the term for the study of how space and distance influence communication?
What is the term for the study of how space and distance influence communication?
Which of the following is NOT a core facial expression identified in the text?
Which of the following is NOT a core facial expression identified in the text?
What is the term for sounds that fill gaps in our speech while we think about what to say next?
What is the term for sounds that fill gaps in our speech while we think about what to say next?
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Which distance zone is typically used in formal business settings?
Which distance zone is typically used in formal business settings?
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Which of the following is NOT a type of time discussed in chronemics?
Which of the following is NOT a type of time discussed in chronemics?
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Which of these is a type of gesture mentioned in kinesics?
Which of these is a type of gesture mentioned in kinesics?
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Which of these is NOT a physical characteristic mentioned as part of personal presentation?
Which of these is NOT a physical characteristic mentioned as part of personal presentation?
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What is nonverbal congruence?
What is nonverbal congruence?
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What is mirroring in relation to nonverbal communication?
What is mirroring in relation to nonverbal communication?
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What is meant by active listening?
What is meant by active listening?
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Which of the following is NOT a strategy for improving competence with interpreting nonverbal cues?
Which of the following is NOT a strategy for improving competence with interpreting nonverbal cues?
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What is the "truth bias" as it relates to detecting deception?
What is the "truth bias" as it relates to detecting deception?
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What is nonverbal leakage?
What is nonverbal leakage?
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Which of the following is an example of an artifact that can be used to communicate nonverbally?
Which of the following is an example of an artifact that can be used to communicate nonverbally?
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Which of the following statements is TRUE about nonverbal communication?
Which of the following statements is TRUE about nonverbal communication?
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How does nonverbal communication contribute to the initiation of interpersonal relationships?
How does nonverbal communication contribute to the initiation of interpersonal relationships?
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What is a crucial skill for professionals in understanding nonverbal communication?
What is a crucial skill for professionals in understanding nonverbal communication?
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Which of the following pairs represents cultural differences in nonverbal communication?
Which of the following pairs represents cultural differences in nonverbal communication?
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Which statement correctly describes a gender difference in nonverbal communication?
Which statement correctly describes a gender difference in nonverbal communication?
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What role does nonverbal communication play in maintaining interpersonal relationships?
What role does nonverbal communication play in maintaining interpersonal relationships?
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How does nonverbal communication compare to verbal communication in terms of ambiguity?
How does nonverbal communication compare to verbal communication in terms of ambiguity?
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Which of the following is NOT a principle of nonverbal communication as described in the text?
Which of the following is NOT a principle of nonverbal communication as described in the text?
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What does the text refer to as "mixed messages" in the context of communication?
What does the text refer to as "mixed messages" in the context of communication?
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Which of the following examples demonstrates how nonverbal communication can regulate conversational flow?
Which of the following examples demonstrates how nonverbal communication can regulate conversational flow?
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Which of these BEST describes how nonverbal communication affects relationships?
Which of these BEST describes how nonverbal communication affects relationships?
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What is the term used for the vocalized but non-verbal aspects of communication like speaking rate and pitch?
What is the term used for the vocalized but non-verbal aspects of communication like speaking rate and pitch?
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The text mentions "artifacts" as an example of nonverbal communication expressing our identities. Which of the following is an example of an artifact?
The text mentions "artifacts" as an example of nonverbal communication expressing our identities. Which of the following is an example of an artifact?
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Based on the text, which of these is an example of nonverbal communication being more involuntary than verbal communication?
Based on the text, which of these is an example of nonverbal communication being more involuntary than verbal communication?
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Study Notes
Introduction to Communication Studies
- This is an introduction to communication studies.
- The book is by Richard G. Jones, Jr.
- Published in 2020 by FlatWorld.
Chapter 3: Nonverbal Communication
-
Learning Objectives 3.1:
- Define nonverbal communication
- Compare and contrast verbal and nonverbal communication
- Discuss principles of nonverbal communication
- Provide examples of nonverbal communication functions
-
Nonverbal Communication Definition:
- A process of generating meaning via behavior other than words.
- Includes paralanguage:
- The vocalized but not verbal part of a spoken message (e.g., speaking rate, volume, pitch)
-
Principles of Nonverbal Communication:
- Compared to verbal communication, nonverbal communication:
- Conveys more meaning
- Is more involuntary
- Is more ambiguous
- Is more credible
- Compared to verbal communication, nonverbal communication:
-
Functions of Nonverbal Communication:
- Reinforces, substitutes for, or contradicts verbal communication
- Mixed messages occur when verbal and nonverbal signals contradict each other
- Influences others (e.g., deception, tone)
- Regulates conversational flow (e.g., tie signs, immediacy behaviors)
- Expresses identities (e.g., artifacts)
Learning Objectives 3.2
- Define kinesics, haptics, vocalics, proxemics, and chronemics
- Provide examples of nonverbal communication types
- Discuss personal presentation and environment as nonverbal cues
Kinesics
-
The study of body movements (hand, arm, body, face)
-
Gestures (adaptors, emblems, illustrators)
-
Head movements and posture
- Acknowledge others
- Communicate interest/attentiveness
-
Eye contact (oculesics):
- Focus during communication
- Important source of communication information
- Facial expressions are expressive
- Happiness, sadness, fear, anger, disgust
Haptics
- Study of communication through touch
- Types of touch:
- Functional-professional
- Social-polite
- Friendship-warmth
- Love-intimacy
- Sexual-arousal
Vocalics
- The study of paralanguage
- Provides context for verbal content:
- Example: volume and pitch communicate intensity
- Verbal fillers: gap-filling sounds (e.g., "um," "uh")
Proxemics
- Study of how space and distance influence communication
- Four distance zones for U.S. Americans:
- Public (12+ feet)
- Social (4–12 feet)
- Personal (1.5–4 feet)
- Intimate (0–18 inches)
- Territoriality: innate drive to take up and defend space
Chronemics
- Study of how time affects communication
- Aspects of time:
- Biological, personal, physical, cultural
- Polychronic and monochronic
Personal Presentation and Environment
- Physical characteristics (body shape, height, weight, attractiveness):
- Limited control over encoding
- Artifacts (clothing, body art, jewelry):
- Easier to control and change
- Environment (furniture, decor):
- Provides nonverbal cues
Learning Objectives 3.3
- Identify strategies for improving nonverbal message sending and interpreting skills
Sending Nonverbal Messages
- Encoding competence increases positive impressions.
- Nonverbal communication is multi-channeled.
- Nonverbal congruence is consistency in nonverbal expressions.
- Nonverbal communication affects interactions.
- Rapport creation through mirroring often subconscious behaviors mirroring others.
- Nonverbal cues regulate conversations
- Active listening involves cognitive listening and visible signals.
- Impression management via nonverbal communication increases competence in specific channels (e.g., body language that conveys trust).
Interpreting Nonverbal Messages
- No nonverbal dictionary exists
- Interpret nonverbal messages within social, cultural contexts
- Read nonverbal cues in clusters and in context
- Competence increases when interpreting cues in specific channels
Detecting Deception
- No set profile of deceptive behaviors
- Truth bias: tendency to believe people are telling the truth.
- Nonverbal leakage: inadvertent nonverbal behavior that reveals inner states (e.g., body language that reveals anxiety).
Learning Objectives 3.4
- Discuss the role of nonverbal communication in: Relational contexts, professional contexts, cultural differences, and gender differences.
Relational Contexts
- Nonverbal communication increases expressiveness and chances of initiating relationships.
- Maintains relationships by communicating emotions and providing/seeking social/emotional support.
Professional Contexts
- Professionals need to understand how context, status, and power affect nonverbal communication.
- Managers and mentors with strong nonverbal decoding skills can show sensitivity to employees.
Nonverbal Communication and Culture
- Nonverbal communication norms vary across countries & cultures (e.g., contact vs. noncontact cultures, monochronic vs. polychronic cultures).
Nonverbal Communication and Gender
- Men and women have more communication similarities than differences.
- Examples of differences include gestures (men often use larger gestures), vocal variety (women more likely to use vocal variety), and personal space (men may take up more space).
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Description
Explore the fundamentals of nonverbal communication in this chapter of Richard G. Jones, Jr.'s introduction to communication studies. Learn to define nonverbal communication, understand its principles, and recognize its various functions compared to verbal communication. Enhance your understanding of this critical aspect of interpersonal communication.
