Effective Communication Principles Quiz

Study Notes

Communicative Strategies

Nomination: A speaker presents a relevant topic. This is often used at the beginning of a conversation to introduce a topic. Examples: "Have you heard about the new normal?" or "What can you say about our new plan for the project?"
Restriction: Limiting the other person in the conversation. This is useful for narrowing down responses to specific answers. Examples: Questions with only yes or no answers ("Did you eat lunch?"). Or, being confined to a specific topic as in a classroom discussion.
Turn-taking: Establishing who talks first and then who talks next. This avoids interruptions. Examples: Spoken cues like "What do you think?" or "You wanted to say something?" provide opportunities for others to speak.
Topic Control: Preventing unnecessary shifts and interruptions in the interaction. Maintaining topic flow in a conversation. Examples: Using minimal responses like "yes," "alright," or nodding to keep the conversation going.
Topic Shifting: Changing from one topic to another, used when a speaker isn't willing to continue with the current topic or answer a question. Examples: Using expressions like "Moving on to the next topic," "Now let's talk about..."
Repair: Overcoming problems in a conversation. These strategies include asking clarifying questions, requesting repetition, or seeking definitions. Examples: Speakers may use expressions to clarify, such as "Let me repeat myself" or "Again..."
Termination: Ending a conversation. Often initiated by the person who opened the conversation. Examples: Expressions to end a conversation include: "It's nice catching up with you, I must be going." or "Thanks for your time. See you around."

Types of Speech

Informative: Provides information to an audience.
Examples: A teacher explaining earthquakes, a student sharing research, a travelogue about a location.
Demonstrative: Gives instructions or teaches a topic.
Examples: How to start a blog, bake a cake, write a speech, cook a dish (e.g., pork adobo).
Persuasive: Aims to convince the audience to change their beliefs or actions.
Examples: Urging someone to become an organ donor, improving grades by reading, discussing the dangers of things like violence through TV.
Entertainment: Provides pleasure and laughter to the audience.
Examples: Humorous anecdotes, unusual facts, stories.

Types of Speech According to Delivery

Impromptu: Delivering a speech with no prior preparation.
Extemporaneous: Speech is outlined and practiced, but not memorized.
Manuscript: Speech is written and read to the audience.
Memorized: Speech is committed to memory and delivered without notes.

Speaking Situations

Candidates in student government
Public speaking
Reporting assigned topics in class
News casting
Presenting legal proceedings
Contests
Presidential/graduation addresses
Stage play
Literary piece

Speech Acts

Locutionary Act: The act of uttering words.
Illocutionary Act: The social function of what is said.
Perlocutionary Act: The resulting act or effect of what is said.

Searle's Classifications of Speech Acts

Assertive: Expressing belief about the truth of a proposition.
Directive: Trying to get someone to do something.
Commissive: Committing to doing something in the future.
Expressive: Expressing feelings or emotional reactions.
Declarative: Bringing about a change in an external situation.

Styles of Speech

Intimate: Private communication among close individuals.
Casual: Common among peers, using slang or colloquial language.
Consultative: Standard style with professional language used in professional settings.
Formal: Used in serious situations/formal settings, one way communication.
Frozen: Unchanging style used in formal settings.

Additional Notes

Effective speech preparation involves identifying the purpose and objective of the speech.
Deliver speech content using a sincere tone, being serious and using the "right place and time."