Questions and Answers
What is meant by connotative meaning?
Which of the following is NOT one of the basic principles of communication?
According to Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs, what is the highest need?
Which element represents the individual who decodes the message in the communication process?
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Charles Horton Cooley introduced the concept of the looking-glass self, which emphasizes which of the following?
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Communication competence refers to the ability to achieve which of the following?
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What are the four needs that communication fulfills?
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Which of the following criticisms is associated with Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs?
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How does self-esteem affect communication with others?
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Which of the following are strategies for reducing uncertainty according to Uncertainty Reduction Theory?
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What does self-compassion involve?
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What is the difference between semantic and syntactic rules in language?
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What is meant by 'language adaptation'?
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What aspect does the 'Ladder of Abstraction' highlight in communication?
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Who creates language and systems of communication according to Muted Group Theory?
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What is the significance of static evaluation in communication?
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Study Notes
Basic Principles of Communication
- Five key principles: symbolic, shared meaning, process, culturally determined, occurs in context, and purposeful.
- Communication fulfills needs: physical, identity, social, and practical.
Communication Competence
- Defined as the ability to achieve personal goals in social interactions while maintaining positive relationships.
Connotative vs Denotative Meaning
- Connotative meaning: subjective interpretation of a word.
- Denotative meaning: objective, dictionary definition of a word.
Principles of Interpersonal Communication
- Communication is symbolic and involves shared meaning.
- Intentionality and process are crucial in communication.
- Communication is influenced by culture and occurs within a context.
- Every act of communication serves a purpose.
Communication Needs
- Communication addresses three primary needs: physical, personal, and social.
Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
- Levels include: self-actualization, self-esteem, love/belonging, safety, and physiological.
- Criticism: Not absolute; self-actualization can occur without satisfying lower needs.
Self Concept vs. Self Exposure
- Self concept: personal perceptions of oneself.
- Self exposure: how one is perceived by others.
Elements of the Communication Process
- Sender: the source or encoder of the message.
- Receiver: the decoder who interprets the message.
- Message: encompasses all forms of communication, including textual, verbal, and nonverbal.
- Channel: the medium used to convey the message.
- Feedback: the response generated by the recipient regarding the message.
Cooley’s Looking Glass Self
- Concept suggests that self-perception is influenced by how we think others perceive us.
Cognitive Complexity
- Indicates varying difficulty in mental processing, influencing communication effectiveness.
Affective Orientation
- Refers to awareness and reliance on one's and others' emotions in decision-making.
Communication and Self-Esteem
- There is a reciprocal relationship; communication affects self-esteem and vice versa.
Uncertainty Reduction Theory
- Human beings strive to reduce uncertainty about newly encountered individuals.
- Strategies include passive, active, and interactive methods.
Definitions
- Self Concept: a stable mental image of oneself.
- Self Esteem: subjective evaluation of one's capabilities.
- Self Image: individual perception of themselves.
- Self-Compassion: awareness of and kindness towards self and others' suffering.
The Big Five Personality Traits
- Include surgency, agreeableness, dependability, emotional stability, and culture.
Emotional Intelligence
- The capacity to recognize and manage one's emotions and those of others.
Muted Group Theory
- Highlights how dominant societal groups influence language and communication systems.
Language Competence
- Language adaptation involves modifying linguistic choices effectively.
Semantic vs. Syntactic Rules
- Semantic rules define meanings which can vary by context.
- Syntactic rules guide the structure and order of words.
Formal vs. Informal Language
- Formal language: official, academic communication.
- Informal language: everyday, casual language that may include slang.
Colloquialisms and Jargon
- Colloquialisms consist of informal expressions.
- Jargon refers to specialized language used in particular professions that may be unclear to outsiders.
Static Evaluation
- Language that inaccurately represents change over time.
Ladder of Abstraction
- Developed by S.I. Hayakawa, it illustrates a range from abstract concepts to concrete specifics in language.
Levels of Abstraction on the Ladder
- Issues progress from: Information, Research, Academic Fields, Humanities & Social Sciences, Communication Studies, to Interpersonal Communication.
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Description
This quiz covers the five basic principles of communication, including symbolic representation, shared meaning, and cultural context. It also explores communication needs such as physical, identity, social, and practical aspects. Test your understanding of communication competence and the differences between connotative and denotative meanings.
