Communication Principles and Models

Questions and Answers

What is considered the first model of communication?

Interactive Model

Transactional Model

Shannon-Weaver Model

Aristotle’s Model (correct)

In the Shannon-Weaver Model, what is the role of the transmitter (encoder)?

Act as the intended recipient of the message.

Convert the message into signals. (correct)

Convert signals back into the message.

Transmit the message across the channel.

Which component of the linear communication model is affected by interference from external disturbances?

Destination

Receiver

Channel (correct)

Source

What characteristic distinguishes the interactive model of communication from the linear model?

It includes feedback from the receiver. Signup and view all the answers

Which element is NOT a part of Aristotle's Model of Communication?

Message Signup and view all the answers

In what type of communication is the linear model primarily applied?

Mass communication Signup and view all the answers

What happens to communication in the interactive model if the receiver does not respond?

It becomes linear. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is true about noise in the Shannon-Weaver Model?

Noise can be physical disturbances during transmission. Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the receiver in the communication process?

To interpret the encoded message Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes encoding in communication?

Converting thoughts and ideas into words or actions Signup and view all the answers

According to Berlo's SMCR model, what does the 'Channel' refer to?

The medium through which the message is sent Signup and view all the answers

Which component of communication serves to provide reactions or responses to the received message?

Feedback Signup and view all the answers

What is a barrier in the context of communication?

Factors that disrupt the communication process Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following elements is NOT part of the communication process?

Non-verbal communication Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of communication as described in the content?

Sharing and conveying messages Signup and view all the answers

In the context of communication, what does the term 'message' refer to?

The ideas or thoughts expressed by the speaker Signup and view all the answers

What does conciseness in communication primarily emphasize?

Making messages direct and to the point. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an essential aspect of consideration in communication?

Acknowledging the receiver's mood and background. Signup and view all the answers

What primarily enhances the effectiveness of communication according to the concept of concreteness?

Providing facts, figures, and real-life examples. Signup and view all the answers

In terms of courtesy, what behavior is expected from the speaker?

Respecting the culture and values of the audience. Signup and view all the answers

What does clearness in communication highlight?

Employing specific and simple words to express ideas. Signup and view all the answers

How does correctness contribute to effective communication?

It eliminates grammar issues that could negatively impact the audience. Signup and view all the answers

What mental state is indicated in Stage 1: Denial of the Developmental Model of Intercultural Sensitivity?

Individuals overlook cultural differences entirely. Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes the small group communication approach?

Requires at least three and no more than twelve individuals. Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of Schramm's model highlights the continuous exchange of roles between parties in communication?

Never-ending Process Signup and view all the answers

Which feature of effective communication ensures that the message is fully conveyed?

Completeness Signup and view all the answers

How does feedback play a role in effective verbal communication?

It allows for adjustment in delivery. Signup and view all the answers

What does 'Field of Experience' in communication imply?

Shared knowledge affects message interpretation. Signup and view all the answers

Which example best illustrates non-verbal communication?

Body movements Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of effective communication?

Ambiguity Signup and view all the answers

What does clarity in communication ensure?

The message is perceived accurately. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about ethics in communication is accurate?

Context of the audience should be considered. Signup and view all the answers

What does dyad communication primarily involve?

Communication that occurs between two people Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a speech act?

Complaining about a service Signup and view all the answers

What is the illocutionary act in the example 'Please do the dishes'?

The request for action to be taken Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes a locutionary act?

The literal act of saying something Signup and view all the answers

What is a speech act that implies a change in status, such as 'You are fired'?

A declaration Signup and view all the answers

Which strategy involves opening a topic in a conversation?

Nomination Signup and view all the answers

Who developed the theory of speech acts?

J.L.Austin Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following does NOT fall under speech acts?

Miming an action Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Nature of Communication

Communication is sharing messages or information between individuals.
It encompasses various channels, contexts, media, and cultures.
Involves a process of encoding, transmitting, and decoding messages.

Elements of Communication

Speaker: The source of the information.
Message: The information conveyed through words or actions.
Encoding: Converting ideas into messages.
Channel: The means through which the message is sent.
Decoding: Interpreting the message by the receiver.
Receiver: The individual who receives the message.
Feedback: Responses from the receiver to the sender.
Context: The environment or situation in which communication occurs.
Barrier: Factors that disrupt the flow of communication.

Communication Models

Berlo's SMCR Model: Established the components of communication (Sender-Message-Channel-Receiver) and emphasizes factors affecting efficiency.
Shannon-Weaver Model: Known as the "mother of all communication models," represents a one-way communication process with noise affecting signal transmission.
Aristotle’s Model: Focuses on speaker, speech, occasion, audience, and effects; emphasizes speaker-centered communication.
Interactive Model: Schramm’s model portrays two-way interaction, incorporating continuous feedback and role switching between sender and receiver.

Effective Communication Features

Completeness: Essential for quality in communication.
Conciseness: Directly addressing the point without unnecessary details.
Consideration: Awareness of the receiver's background and context.
Concreteness: Support ideas with facts and real-life examples.
Courtesy: Respect cultural values and beliefs of the receiver.
Clearness: Use simple and specific words to convey ideas.
Correctness: Proper grammar enhances credibility.

Intercultural Communication

Involves interactions among individuals from diverse cultural backgrounds.
Developmental Model of Intercultural Sensitivity (DMIS) outlines six stages of recognizing and responding to cultural differences.
- Denial: Ignoring cultural differences.
- Defense: Acknowledging differences but feeling superiority.
- Minimization: Recognizing differences while downplaying them.

Barriers to Communication

Emotional barriers, lack of confidence, noisy environments, and jargon can impede effective communication.

Types of Interpersonal Context

Dyad Communication: Interaction between two individuals sharing information.
Small Group Communication: Involves 3-12 individuals interacting face-to-face for a common goal.

Speech Acts

Three types of speech acts (Austin, 1962):
- Locutionary Act: The act of utterance.
- Illocutionary Act: The social function or intent behind the utterance.
- Perlocutionary Act: The effect or response elicited in the listener.

Communicative Strategy

Effective conversation requires strategies, such as:
- Nomination: Opening a topic to engage others.

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Description

Explore the fundamental elements of communication including the roles of the speaker, message, and receiver. Understand various communication models such as Berlo's SMCR and the Shannon-Weaver model. This quiz will help reinforce your knowledge of the communication process and its barriers.