Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which of the following is NOT a component of the perception process?
Which of the following is NOT a component of the perception process?
Which of the following is NOT a type of nonverbal communication?
Which of the following is NOT a type of nonverbal communication?
Which of the following is a consequence of the fundamental attribution error?
Which of the following is a consequence of the fundamental attribution error?
Which of the following is an example of a high-level abstraction?
Which of the following is an example of a high-level abstraction?
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Which of the following is an example of a self-fulfilling prophecy?
Which of the following is an example of a self-fulfilling prophecy?
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Which of the following is NOT a component of self-concept?
Which of the following is NOT a component of self-concept?
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Which of the following is an example of the halo effect?
Which of the following is an example of the halo effect?
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Which of the following statements about nonverbal communication is TRUE?
Which of the following statements about nonverbal communication is TRUE?
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Which of the following is an example of proxemics?
Which of the following is an example of proxemics?
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Which of the following is NOT a function of nonverbal communication?
Which of the following is NOT a function of nonverbal communication?
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Study Notes
Linear Model of Communication
- Sender encodes a message.
- Message travels through a channel.
- Receiver decodes the message.
Interaction Model of Communication
- Two-way process, with feedback from receiver to sender.
- Includes sender and receiver, message, channel and noise.
- Involves psychological and physical contexts.
Transaction Model of Communication
- Simultaneous process where communicators are both senders and receivers.
- Includes communicator, message, channel, physical context, psychological context, social context, and relational context.
- Co-creation of meaning through shared understanding and influence.
Competent Communication
- Process-oriented.
- Learned skill.
- Ethically challenging.
- Appropriate and effective.
- Behavioral flexibility.
- Context-aware.
- Goal achievement.
Perception
- Cognitive process.
- Interpreting experiences with unique understanding.
- Process involves selection, organization, and interpretation.
Interpreting
- Schemata organize our mental filing system.
- Understanding others' actions and behaviours by using explanations.
Attributions
- Internal attributions related to personality traits.
- External attributions related to situational factors.
- Fundamental attribution error – overemphasizing internal factors and underestimating external factors.
- Self-serving bias – attributing our successes to internal factors and failures to external factors.
Impressions
- Primacy effect: First impressions are important.
- Recency effect: Recent information is important.
- Halo effect: Positive first impressions lead to more positive perceptions.
- Horn effect: Negative first impressions lead to more negative perceptions.
Self-Concept
- Understanding of oneself.
- Influences communication style.
- Social comparison theory influences self-perception.
Self-esteem
- Attitude about one's self-worth.
Self-efficacy
- Judgment about one's ability to perform a task.
- Predicts success/failure.
Self-discrepancy theory
- Actual self vs. ideal self vs. ought self.
- Differences among selves lead to psychological discomfort.
Language
- Phonological rules: pronunciation.
- Syntactic rules: grammar.
- Language affects credibility.
- Language as control.
- High vs. low language (formal vs. informal).
Improving Language
- Abstractions and meaning
- Evasion
- Equivocation
- Euphemism
- Slang/jargon
- Ethical word choices
Nonverbal Communication
- Kinesics (body language).
- Oculesics (eye contact).
- Chronemics (time).
- Paralanguage (vocal cues).
- Proxemics (space).
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Description
This quiz covers key concepts from various communication models, including the Linear, Interaction, and Transaction Models, as well as the principles of Competent Communication and Perception. Test your understanding of how messages are encoded, decoded, and the contexts that influence communication effectiveness.
